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Japanese, European, American Corporate Responses to EC internal market

日本、欧洲、美国企业对欧共体内部市场的反应

基本信息

批准号：
02630056
负责人：
HIRATA Mitsuhiro
金额：
$ 1.15万
依托单位：
Hitotsubashi University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02630056/
关键词：
EC 1992 EC Unification 1992

项目摘要

The EC unification, including EC 1992, has been making but slow progress because of stagnancy of European economy and political, economic, social confusion in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. Because of these worse situations, there have been few new responses of Japanese, European, American Companies to EC 1992.Japanese corporate responses to EC 1992 ; (a) There is a broad range of motivations for establishing in the EC, with the primary ones being : One phase of globalization strategies, a transition from export to local production, necessity for the collection of information. (b) Broken down by nation, the greatest number of Japanese companies have entered U. K., Germany, and France. A breakdown by industry reveals that the leaders are electrical equipment, machinery, and chemical manufacturers. (c) The primary reasons determining the choice of a country in which to establish an affiliate were : "Good geographic conditions for distribution" , "The ability to hire English speaking managers" , "The existence of a viable infrastructure" , and "The quality of the local workforce" . (d) Measures for responding to EC 1992 included discussions on localization of production, management, and R&D.Western corporate responses to EC 1992 ; (a) Especially European companies have positively made their cross-boarder reorganizations in the fields of airplane, war, communicating machinery, heavy electric equipment, automobile industries, but they are compelled to review their policies. (b) Both M&A of European companies by American companies have strikingly declined.

由于欧洲经济的停滞和东欧、苏联政治、经济、社会的混乱，包括1992年欧共体在内的欧共体一体化进程一直进展缓慢。日本企业对1992年欧共体的反应（a）在欧共体建立企业的动机是广泛的，主要的动机是：全球化战略的一个阶段，从出口到当地生产的过渡，收集信息的必要性。(b)按国家划分，进入美国市场的日本公司数量最多。K.，德国和法国。按行业细分显示，领先者是电气设备、机械和化学品制造商。(c)决定选择在哪个国家建立分公司的主要原因是：“良好的分销地理条件”、“能够雇用讲英语的管理人员”、“存在可行的基础设施”和“当地劳动力的素质”。(d)西方企业对EC 1992的反应：（1）特别是欧洲企业在飞机、军工、交通机械、重型电气设备、汽车等领域积极进行跨国重组，但也不得不重新审视自己的政策。(b)美国公司对欧洲公司的并购都明显减少。