Morphological Studies on the Effect of Sex Hormones for Bone Tissue.

本研究以日本鹌鹑为研究对象，在雌性激素和雄性激素共同作用下蛋鸡的髓质骨形成为研究对象，从形态学上考察了性激素（雌性激素和雄性激素）对骨形成和吸收的影响。以产蛋鹌鹑、雄性鹌鹑和阉割的雄性鹌鹑为实验动物。雌激素和雄激素诱导的髓质骨形成伴随细胞增殖和内皮细胞和/或成骨细胞分化为活跃的成骨细胞。单剂量的雌激素或雄激素不能诱导骨形成。雌激素和雄激素都是形成的必要条件。髓质骨形成后激素的中断引起活跃破骨细胞的出现并导致骨的骨吸收。激素缺乏对骨吸收的影响，雌激素缺乏大于雄激素缺乏。在产蛋鹌鹑体内给予抗雌激素（他莫昔芬，TAX）或抗雄激素（环丙孕酮，CPA）分别抑制破骨细胞活性，表明抗性激素（TAX）和抗性激素（CPA）通过抑制破骨细胞来破坏产蛋周期骨代谢，如骨形成和骨吸收。免疫组化研究发现成骨细胞中存在雌激素受体，提示雌激素直接作用于髓质骨成骨细胞。但阴性成骨细胞也存在。两种成骨细胞对反应性的功能意义尚不清楚。

The effect of sex hormones i.e. estrogen and androgen, for bone formation and resorption was morphologically examined using medullary bone, which was formed in laying hens under the existence of both estrogen and androgen, of Japanese quails. Laying quails, male quails and castrated male quails were employed as experimental animals. Estrogen and androgen induced medullary bone formation accompanying cell proliferation and differentiation of endosteal lining cells and/or osteoblasts into active osteoblasts. A single dosage of estrogen or androgen did not induced bone formation. Both estrogen and androgen were essential for the formation. The interruption of the hormone after medullary bone formation caused the appearance of active osteoclasts and resulted bone resorption of the bone. For the bone resorption by the hormone deficiency, estrogen deficiency was greater than that of androgen. Administration of anti-estrogen, namely tamoxifen (TAX) or anti-androgen, namely cyproterone (CPA) in laying quails caused inhibition of osteoclastic activity respectively, and the result was indicative that the anti-sex hormone agents (TAX and CPA) impaired the bone metabolism, such as bone formation and resorption during laying cycle, by inhibiting osteoclasts. Immunohistochemical study revealed estrogen receptors in osteoblasts indicating estrogen acts directly to medullary bone osteoblasts. But negative osteoblasts also existed. The functional significance of two types of osteoblasts on the reactivity was unclear.