Morphological Studies on the Effect of Sex Hormones for Bone Tissue.

用产蛋母鸡在雌激素和雄激素同时存在下形成的日本鹌鹑骨髓，从形态学上研究了性激素即雌激素和雄激素对骨形成和骨吸收的影响。试验动物为产蛋鹌鹑、雄鹌鹑和去势雄鹌鹑。雌激素和雄激素诱导骨髓骨形成伴随着细胞增殖和分化的内膜衬里细胞和/或成骨细胞成活性成骨细胞。单剂量雌激素或雄激素不诱导骨形成。雌激素和雄激素都是形成的必要条件。在髓骨形成后，激素的中断引起活性破骨细胞的出现，导致骨吸收。对于激素缺乏引起的骨吸收，雌激素缺乏大于雄激素缺乏。用抗雌激素药物三苯氧胺（TAX）或抗雄激素药物环丙孕酮（CPA）分别抑制产蛋鹌鹑的破骨细胞活性，结果表明TAX和CPA通过抑制破骨细胞而损害产蛋期骨代谢，如骨形成和骨吸收。免疫组化结果显示成骨细胞内有雌激素受体，提示雌激素直接作用于骨髓成骨细胞。但也存在阴性成骨细胞。两种类型的成骨细胞对反应性的功能意义尚不清楚。

The effect of sex hormones i.e. estrogen and androgen, for bone formation and resorption was morphologically examined using medullary bone, which was formed in laying hens under the existence of both estrogen and androgen, of Japanese quails. Laying quails, male quails and castrated male quails were employed as experimental animals. Estrogen and androgen induced medullary bone formation accompanying cell proliferation and differentiation of endosteal lining cells and/or osteoblasts into active osteoblasts. A single dosage of estrogen or androgen did not induced bone formation. Both estrogen and androgen were essential for the formation. The interruption of the hormone after medullary bone formation caused the appearance of active osteoclasts and resulted bone resorption of the bone. For the bone resorption by the hormone deficiency, estrogen deficiency was greater than that of androgen. Administration of anti-estrogen, namely tamoxifen (TAX) or anti-androgen, namely cyproterone (CPA) in laying quails caused inhibition of osteoclastic activity respectively, and the result was indicative that the anti-sex hormone agents (TAX and CPA) impaired the bone metabolism, such as bone formation and resorption during laying cycle, by inhibiting osteoclasts. Immunohistochemical study revealed estrogen receptors in osteoblasts indicating estrogen acts directly to medullary bone osteoblasts. But negative osteoblasts also existed. The functional significance of two types of osteoblasts on the reactivity was unclear.