Scientific Research on Genetic Resources of Major Crops and Developments of their Food Utilizations in South Asia.

点击翻译按钮获取中文摘要

Our expedition for Nepal and Bhutan was carried out according schedule.[Date][Research Area]Sept. 6-7 Tokyo-Bangkok-KathmanduSept. 8-22, 1991 Kathmandu, Pokhara, Naudhara, Chandorakot-and GhandrungSept. 22-24, 1991 Kathmandu-ParoSept. 24-Oct. 1, 1991 Paro, Thimphu, Wongdi, Phodorang and TongsaOct. 2-6, 1991 Paro-Khathmandu-Bangkok-TokyoResearch DataGenetic resources of rice in Nepal and BhutanRice plants are grown mostly in terraced paddy fields with a little bit in upland fields. Many of rice varietis collected seems to be japonica in terms of isozyme gentype. Those in Punakha valley in Bhutan are mostly indica. Red rice, whose seed coat is reddish, is frequentl'-y seen in Paro and Thimphu vally in Bhutan. It is preferred by its sticky taste.Genetic resources of barley in Nepal and BhutanThe oriental and occidental types of six-rowed barley coexist in the Himalayan mountain region. Covered and-naked barleys were grown in Nepal, whereas only the naked barley was cultivated in Bhutan. G … More enetic differences in isozyme genotypes between Nepalese and Bhutanese Barley suggest that the Bhutanese barley had introduced from Tibet, and the Nepalese naked barley was originated from Tibet but the Nepalese covered barley is from India.Genetic resources of buckwheat in Nepal and BhutanBuckwheats are very popular crops in the Himalayan region. Common buckwheat does not differ so much in morphology and allozyme variability from that in southern china. Ohnishi discussed that common and'tartary buckwheat were born in -southern China and migrated to Bhutan and Nepal.Genetic resources of chilli in Nepal and BhutanThe Gurung people live the mountain region in the western Nepal. They had cultivated several-kinds of Chilli. Long Chilli Pepper are common in the altitude 1, 000-1, 500m, Cherry Chilli Pepper, Cone Chilli Pepper and Bird's Eye' Chilli are popular in the altitude 1, 500-2, OOOM. The Gurung people selected these landraces of Chilli as a growink adaptation. In Bhutan, Chilli is most important cultivated plants. with rice. Red Bell Chilli shows a large genetic variation according to adapting the altitude 1, 500-2, 500M.In conclusion, we found an interesting genetic' informations from the Nepalese and Bhutanese Rice, Barley, Buchwheat and Chilli, and other cultivated plants. We will try a new development for food materials on the basis of these research data in a future.ReferencesFukuda, I., E. Yamamoto. H. Satowa, T. Konishi, and M. Kimata 1983. Scientific Research on the cultivation and utilization of major crops in Nepal 1-102. The Japanese Expedition of Nepalese Agricultural Research. Internotional Academic Printing Co. Ltd. Less