Comparative Studies of 'Culture of Illness' among the Mijikenda in Coast Province of Kenya, East Africa.

东非肯尼亚海岸省米吉肯达人“疾病文化”的比较研究。

基本信息

批准号：
03041075
负责人：
YOSHIDA Teigo
金额：
$ 15.36万
依托单位：
Oubirin University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This project has been based on the concept of 'illness' as culturally constructed experience, and has attempted to elucidate how such experiences are related to various socio-cultural practices among Mijikenda, a Bantu speaking people in Coast Province of Kenya.We conducted intensive field research among the three of the nine sub-groups of the Mijikenda ; the Digo, the Duruma and the Giriama. They are culturally closely related and share the same tradition of origin, and whose languages are mutually intelligible. Nevertheless each differs strikingly in its social institutions(the formerly matrilineal Digo, the patrilineal Giriama, and the double unilineal Duruma),in its ecological environment(the Digo living in the narrow fertile coastal strip rich in cash crops, the Giriama covering wide varieties of ecological environment ranging from fertile coconut belt to the semi arid bush land where cattle husbandry is the main subsistence, and the Duruma cultivating mainly maize in the dry bush … More forest just behind the coastal strip), and in its religion(the totally Islamized Digo, the partly Christian and partly Islamic Duruma, and the largely traditional Giriama).Sufficient ethnographic data have now been compiled by each researcher, which enable one to describe and analyze the illness-related belief systems and cultural practices among the respective sub-group(Oda and Yoshida among the Digo, Keida and Ueda among the Giriama, and Hamamoto among the Duruma). Their findings are to appear in separate publications. Such detailed description and analyses would make it possible to estimate the similarities and differences among these sub-groups and to correlate their differences with particular socio-cultural and environmental variables in each sub-group.Sufficient ethnographic data have now been compiled by each researcher, which enable one to describe and analyze the illness-related belief systems and cultural practices among the respective sub-group (Oda and Yoshida among the Digo, Keida and Ueda among the Giriama, and Hamamoto among the Duruma). Their findings are to appear in separate publications. Such detailed description and analyses would make it possible to estimate the similarities and differences among these sub-groups and to correlate their differences with particular socio-cultural and environmental variables in each sub-group.In the course of the research it was already found that although almost the same set of terms are used, among any sub-group, to categorise illness, to describe the various symptoms, to identify the possible sources of illness, and to denote the possible cures, the semantic contents of these terms are sometimes widely different in each sub-group. It was also noticed that though the same varieties of agents are recognized as causing illness and various misfortunes, what agent are more commonly attributed as a cause of illness differs contrastively in each group. Among the Giriama witchcraft is the most salient feature, while among the Digo the possessing spirits are the main agents of illness. Among the Duruma, though the possessing spirits are common, transgressions of order of the homestead are quite often attributed as the cause of various misfortunes. Though final analyses to correlate these similarities and differences with the other socio-cultural variables are yet to come, it will appear in our joint publication in the near future. Less

该项目基于“疾病”作为文化建构的经验的概念，并试图阐明这种经验与肯尼亚沿海班图人的班图人之间的各种社会文化实践有关。我们在米吉肯达州的九个小组中进行了深入的现场研究。 Digo，Duruma和Giriama。它们在文化上是密切相关的，并且具有相同的原籍传统，并且其语言是相互理解的。尽管如此，每个人都在其社会机构（以前是母系挖掘机，patrilineal giriama和双单核硬脂腺）的生态环境中（富含现金的狭窄肥沃沿海地带，富含料理的少女，遍布生态环境的较广泛的生态环境，遍布较广泛的生态环境，生存性，以及在干燥的灌木丛中培养玉米的生存……更多的森林在沿海地带后面），以及其宗教信仰（完全伊斯兰化的迪加尔（Digo），部分基督教和部分伊斯兰的duruma，以及在很大程度上是传统的杜马（Duruma）。吉里亚（Giriama）中的digo，keida和ueda中的吉田（Yoshida），以及在duruma中的哈amamoto）。他们的发现将出现在单独的出版物中。这样的详细描述和分析将使估算这些子群体之间的相似性和差异，并将它们与每个子组中的特定社会文化和环境变量相关联。每个研究人员现在已经编制了足够的民族志数据，这是由每个研究人员汇总的，这使人们可以在疾病相关的信念和文化中描述和分析与疾病相关的信念和文化实践之间的探索（和分析）（又一次的习惯（ODA）（ODA）（ODA），以探讨YAIDA（ODA）。 giriama和hamamoto在硬虫中）。他们的发现将出现在单独的出版物中。这样的详细描述和分析将使估计这些子群体之间的相似性和差异，并将它们的差异与每个子组中的特定社会文化和环境变量相关联。在研究的过程中，尽管已经发现，尽管几乎相同的术语在任何子组中都使用，但在任何子组中几乎是相同的术语来描述各种症状，以确定可能的症状，以确定可能的症状，以便这些症状以及这些症状，以便这些症状以及这些症状，以这些症状，以这些症状为生，这些术语是这些症状，以这些症状为生，这些术语是这些术语的范围，这些术语是这些术语，并且可以构成这些症状，这些术语是这些术语的范围，这些术语是这些术语的范围。术语有时在每个子组中都有很大不同。还注意到，尽管相同的变体被认为会导致疾病和各种不幸，但在每组中，疾病的原因更常见的原因更常见。吉里亚玛巫术之一是最突出的特征，而在挖掘中，拥有的精神是疾病的主要药物。在duruma中，尽管拥有的精神很普遍，但宅基地的秩序翻译经常被归因于各种不幸的原因。尽管将这些相似性和差异与其他社会文化变量相关联的最终分析尚未进行，但它将在不久的将来出现在我们的共同出版物中。较少的