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Privention of Desertification in Northwestern Area of China

西北地区荒漠化防治

基本信息

批准号：
03044049
负责人：
SUNOHARA Wataru
金额：
$ 21.12万
依托单位：
Niigata Univ. (1992-1993)The University of Tokyo (1991)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03044049/
关键词：
Loess plateau Greening Soil erosion Semiarid Desertification Overgrazing Drought torelant plant Crust formation of soil

项目摘要

On the Loess plateau of China, very severe soil erosion and destruction of land resources are occurring, mainly, due to overgrazing and overcultivation. To prevent such a desertification, actions should be applied as : a) introduce herbs, including pasture plants, which can survive and gain high biomass production on steep slopes, b) establish the suitable way of grazing stock management for actual biomass production on the slopes, and c) increase the productivity of the crops on the flatlands and gentle slopes for establishing natural and artificial grassland instead of cultivated land on steeply sloping terrain. The following results concerning a), b) and c) were obtained. Of more than 400 species of herbage collected from other location in China, Japan and abroad were examined, 28 species belonging to 4 families showed good growth under severe conditions of the Loess plareau, without irrigation and manuring. In the pasture sowing Bromus inermis, one of the good species, the plant coverage in the paddock prevented sheep grazing for 3 years was 88%. On the other hand, that in the paddock opened sheep grazing was 32%. Surface water runoff and soil erosion from the not grazed paddock were 46 and 24% of those from the grazed one respectively. Of 717 wheat lines, 387 barley lines and 25 triticale lines collected from Japan and abroad were tested, triticale lines, durum wheat and pilose spring wheat lines showed good growth and yield. It was found that the most important limiting factor for the yield of spring wheat was soil moisture content and keeping it high during jointing stage increased the yield markedly. Deep plowing (30cm depth) during summer season increased moisture content in 60-100cm soil layer. Of three major nutrients, superphoshate caused a remarkable increase in the yield of the spring wheat.

在中国黄土高原，由于过度放牧和过度耕作，正在发生非常严重的水土流失和土地资源破坏。为防止这种荒漠化，应采取以下行动：a)引进草本植物，包括牧草，它们可以在陡坡上存活并获得高生物量生产；b)为坡地上的实际生物量生产建立适当的放牧蓄积量管理方式；c)提高平地和缓坡上作物的生产力，以建立天然草地和人工草地，而不是在陡峭坡地上耕种。得到了关于a)、b)和c)的结果。对从国内外中国等地采集的400多种牧草进行了考察，结果表明，4科28种牧草在黄土高原严寒条件下生长良好，不需灌溉和施肥。在优良牧草无芒雀麦草地上，围场内的植物覆盖率达88%。另一方面，在开阔的围场中，绵羊放牧的比例为32%。未放牧围场的地表径流量和土壤侵蚀量分别是放牧围场的46%和24%。从从日本引进的717个小麦品系、387个大麦品系和25个小黑麦品系中，小黑麦品系、硬粒小麦品系和绒毛春小麦品系表现出较好的生长发育和产量。结果表明，土壤水分是制约春小麦产量的最主要因素，拔节期保持较高的土壤水分对产量有显著的促进作用。夏季深耕(30 cm深度)增加了60-100 cm土层的含水率。在三种主要营养物质中，过磷酸钙对春小麦的增产效果显著。