Role of Executive Branch in Legislation

这项研究已经进行了两年（1992- 1993）。在日本的立法过程中，政府主导立法无论从数量上还是从质量上都发挥着重要作用。这些法律几乎占国会立法的85%，许多实施国家政策的法律都是由政府制定的。本研究以政府主导立法为研究对象，其研究结果可分为以下三个部分。约有一半的单项研究已经完成，但由于项目期限较短，其余的研究以中期报告的形式提出。将在适当时候出版一本书，载列所有这些研究报告的全文。EGUCHI透露，在官僚机构准备法案草案的过程中，各种意见都得到了调整，在野党可以通过在国会修改政府法案，在立法中发挥重要作用。KATO研究了行政机关如何调整企业的各个职位 关于我们 把帐单寄出去。小林川论述了“基本法”在规范行政决策过程中的作用。山口先生就20世纪80年代财政政策的政治与行政互动问题，对日本和美国进行了比较。常本对美国公法理论界关于立法程序模式的讨论进行了综述。MAEDA追溯了英国政府发起的立法的发展。第二部分是项目调查人员对日本政府发起的立法进行的案例研究：《联合国维持和平行动合作法》（MAKINO）;《难民条约》生效后相关法律法规的修改（渡边）;育儿假法（ONO）;大学理事会法（INA）;帝国时代名称法（TAKAMI）;地方自治法修正案（KANBARA）;第三部分记录了立法和行政从业人员在项目研讨会上提出的报告和问答，包括：（WATANABE和OKAMITSU）;计算机处理个人数据保护法（MATSUMURA）;大型零售店法（FURUTA）;反有组织犯罪法（YOSHIDA）。少

This study has been carried out for 2 years (1992-93). The government-initiated legislations play important role in legislative process in terms of quality as well as quantity in Japan. They form almost 85 per cent of legislations in the Diet, and many of the laws to impliment national policies are originated from the government. The results of this study focusing government-initiated legislation can be devided into three parts mentioned below. About half of the individual studies have been finished, but the rest are presented as interim reports due to rather short term of the project. A book will be produced containing all these studies in completed form in due course.Part 1 deals with general themes. EGUCHI reveals that various opinions are adjusted during the preparation of a draft bill by the bureaucracy and the opposition parties can play important roles in legislation by revising government bills in the Diet. KATO studies how administrative organs adjust each positions in prepari … More ng a bill. KOBAYAKAWA deals with the role of "fundamental law" in regulating the policy making process in the executive. YAMAGUCHI compares Japan with the United States on the issue of interaction of politics and administration concerning fiscal policies in the 1980s. TSUNEMOTO surveys discussions on the legislative process models by American public law theorists. MAEDA traces the development of government initiated legislation in the United Kingdom. SHIMIZU shows points of dispute concerning legislative process study in Japan.Part 2 contains case studies of government initiated legislations conducted by the project investigators: United Nations Peace Keeping Operation co-operation Act (MAKINO); Amendment of relevant laws and regulations following the entry into the Refugee Treaty (WATANABE); Child Care Leave Act (ONO); University Council Act (INA); Imperial Era Name Act (TAKAMI); Amendment of Local Autonomy Act (KANBARA); Election Act (OKADA).Part 3 records the reports and Q and A's by legislative and administrative practitioners given at the project workshops including: Health Services for the Aged Act (WATANABE and OKAMITSU); Act for Protection of Computer Processed Personal Data (MATSUMURA); Large Scale Retail Store Act (FURUTA); Anti- Organized Crime Act (YOSHIDA). Less