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Study on Neuromagnetic Imaging of the Functional Organization of the Human Brain

人脑功能组织的神经磁成像研究

基本信息

批准号：
03505002
负责人：
UENO Shoogo
金额：
$ 112万
依托单位：
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Two techniques in magnetics, magnetoencephalography (MEG) and magnetic brain stimulation, have made it possible in recent years to better understand the functional organization of the brain. The first part of this study concerns about the neuromagnetic imaging using SQUID magnetometer. We developed a highly sensitive dc-SQUID system with a first-order gradiometer. We have measured MEG activities in normal subjects during sleep and waking stages, and we have obtained more accurate information about sources of K-complexes and delta waves than obtained by electrical measurements alone. MEG is a useful method for diagnosis of functional brain diseases as well as for the study of higher brain function, such as cognition, memory and blending of brain function. We have studied the frontal midline theta (Fm rheta) activity in human subjects during mental processes such as mental calculation. The Fm rheta activity appears in the front central area of the head when a subject concentrates his/her mind during a task such as mental calculation. We have also studied the spatio-temporal properties of visual evoked responses associated with the perception of visual apparent movement. The results in the EEG recording suggest that "visual apparent movement perception" can be produced in the visual association area or higher levels in the nervous system. It is possible to estimate the source of visual apparent movement using the MEG technique.The latter part of the study concerns about the magnetic stimulation of the brain. We have developed a method of focal and vectorial magnetic stimulation of the brain. The basic idea is to concentrate induced eddy currents locally in the vicinity of a target by a pair of opposing pulsed magnetic fields. Using this method, we were able to stimulate the human cortex within a 5-mm resolution.

近年来，两种磁学技术，脑磁图（MEG）和磁脑刺激，使人们有可能更好地了解大脑的功能组织。本研究的第一部分是利用SQUID磁强计进行神经磁成像。我们开发了一个高灵敏度的dc-SQUID系统与一阶梯度计。我们已经测量了正常受试者在睡眠和清醒阶段的脑磁图活动，我们已经获得了更准确的信息来源的K复合波和δ波比单独通过电测量。脑磁图是一种诊断功能性脑疾病的有效方法，也是研究脑高级功能，如认知、记忆和脑功能融合的有效手段。我们研究了人类被试在心算等心理过程中的额叶中线theta（Fm rheta）活动。当受试者在进行心算等任务时集中注意力时，Fm rheta活动出现在头部的前部中央区域。我们还研究了与视觉视运动感知相关的视觉诱发反应的时空特性。脑电图记录的结果表明，“视觉明显运动知觉”可以在视觉联想区或更高层次的神经系统中产生。利用脑磁图技术可以估计视觉表观运动的来源。本研究的后半部分涉及对大脑的磁刺激。我们已经开发了一种方法的局灶性和矢量磁刺激的大脑。其基本思想是通过一对相反的脉冲磁场将感应涡电流局部集中在目标附近。使用这种方法，我们能够在5毫米的分辨率内刺激人类皮层。