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Feasibility Study of a "Snow Dam" Concept

“雪坝”概念的可行性研究

基本信息

批准号：
03555115
负责人：
GOTO Iwao
金额：
$ 3.07万
依托单位：
Nagaoka University of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03555115/
关键词：
snow dam water resources avalanche snow melt runoff analysis front of gravity current 気象観測リモートセンシング

项目摘要

Recently in Japan, there is a mounting interest in using snow for various purposes that better serve life in snowy areas. This study reports feasibility of a totally new idea of gathering and storing snow as a "snow dam" , and using the delayd meltwater to supplement water demand in summer.The idea is not to build a structure that stands like a concrete dam, but to gather snow in gorges where siting conditions and technology are appropriate. Technology is needed both to gather snow in gorges and to reduce rates of melting, so that water can be extracted to provide a supply when it is most needed. Various kinds of technologies are reviewed. It is concluded that Gaz.ex, an avalanche-blasting device recently developed in France, appears a promising technology for this purpose and that further experimental studies should be needed for getting a quantitative answer as to how much snow can be gathered.A fluid dynamical model of powder-snow avalanches is developed for prediction of the debris volume and the running course height and speed of the artificial avalanches. This model takes into account three-dimensional topography of mountain slopes. It consists of the two-dimensional treatment of momentum balance, the mass conservation equations of air and snow, and an approximate equation of conservation of turbulent energy.Technology to control and delay the melting consists of treating snow dams and predicting snowmelt runoff. The latter requires research on small-scale runoff analysis in a dam located deep in a gorge, and the calculation has to be done well through the summer season. A distribution snow melt runoff model was developed and applied to several conceptual snow dams, which takes into account both topographical and meteorological distributions. A snowmelt calculation in the Nakano River basin started on April 3,1990, demonstrates that the conceptual snow dams increase summer stream flow well into August.

最近在日本，人们对将雪用于各种目的的兴趣与日俱增，以便更好地服务于多雪地区的生活。这项研究报告了一种全新的想法的可行性，即将积雪收集并储存为“雪坝”，并利用延迟融化的水来补充夏季的用水需求。该想法不是建造一个像混凝土大坝一样的结构，而是在选址条件和技术合适的峡谷中收集积雪。既需要技术来收集峡谷中的积雪，也需要降低融化速度，以便在最需要的时候提取水来提供供应。对各种技术进行了综述。认为法国新近开发的Gaz.ex雪崩爆破装置是一种很有前景的雪崩爆破技术，需要进一步的实验研究才能定量地回答可以收集多少雪的问题。建立了粉雪雪崩的流体动力学模型，用于预测粉雪雪崩的碎屑体积和运行路线高度和速度。该模型考虑了山坡的三维地形。它包括动量平衡的二维处理，空气和雪的质量守恒方程，以及湍流能量守恒方程。控制和延迟融化的技术包括雪坝处理和融雪径流预测。后者需要在峡谷深处的大坝上进行小尺度径流分析研究，而且必须在整个夏季都能很好地计算。建立了融雪径流分布模型，并将其应用于几个概念性雪坝，该模型同时考虑了地形和气象的分布。从1990年4月3日开始的中野河流域的融雪计算表明，概念上的积雪大坝将夏季水流增加到8月份。