THE DEVELOPMENT AND THE CLINICAL APPLICATION OF AN OPTICAL SYSTEM FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF METABOLIC AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN THE HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS.

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(1) The development of a system for the simultaneous determination of metabolic and functional changes in the heart and blood vessels : A front-surface fluorometer with concentric optical fibers for double-wave length excitation (inner circle quartz fibers) and fluorescence detection (outer circle glass fibers) (CAM OF-2) was successfully and specifically designed and made with the collaboration of Japan Spectroscopic Co., Tokyo, Japan.(2) Using front-surface fluorometry of fura-2-loaded aortic valvular strips, the cytosolic Ca concentration, (Ca)i, of the endothelial cells in situ was firstly and quantitatively recorded. Both endothelin (ET)-1 and ET-3 elevated (Ca)i in the endothelial cells in situ. ET-1 elevated (Ca)i of a peak (the first phase) and sustained (the second phase) type. The second phase was exclusively extracellular Ca-dependent, Ca influx. Pertussis toxin (IAP) markedly inhibited the second phase. Thus, Ca influx induced by ET-1 is regulated by an IAP-sensitive G-protein in the endothelial cells in situ.(3) The effects of ethanol on the contractility of strips of porcine coronary artery, with and without endothelium, and following permeabilization with alpha -toxin, and on aortic valvular endothelial cells in situ were examined. It was found that ethanol contracted the coronaty artery both by increasing (Ca)i and by raising Ca sensitivity of the contractile apparatus, as mediated by GTP-binding protein. When the endothelium was exposed to ethanol, this contraction was prevented, presumably by releasing endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF).(4) Using front-surface fluorometry and BCECF-loaded isolated perfused rat heart, pH changes of the myocardium was successfully recorded during ischemia-reperfusion. It was found that captoril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, could partially inhibit the development of acidosis during ischemia.