THE REEVALUATION OF BEN JONSON : FOR THE RESTORATION OF THE ART OF HUMANISM

本研究的目的是从人本主义的角度重新评价本·琼森。琼生，在他那个时代被学者们视为英国文学的典范，一个世纪后，他失宠，被莎士比亚所取代，德国浪漫主义的兴起决定性地推动了价值观的转变，从人文主义到浪漫主义。此后，文学批评中盛行反人文主义倾向，对琼生的研究也没有摆脱“浪漫主义”的偏见，主要依靠研究莎士比亚的专家在业余时间阅读和研究琼生。作为使约翰逊研究正常化的一种手段，研究者试图重建人文主义的意义，这一意义在这两个世纪中已经不可挽回地磨损了，通过将其放回到原始的语境中，在这个语境中，人文主义作为“共同财产”被整个欧洲的文人所共享。对约翰逊的人文价值的重新思考是通过重新审视它是如何在他的作品中形成他的文学经典的核心，并与其他三个科学领域，即艺术、历史和思想进行联系。经过三年的研究，得出以下结论：约翰逊不认为其他艺术，无论是绘画、建筑还是音乐，对他自己的艺术有敌意，而是根据它们满足他的人文标准的程度来评估每一种类型的作品。他的诗意现实主义与人文主义者特有的态度密切相关，人文主义者习惯于从每一个特定的历史事件中汲取普遍的教训。他的人文主义思想源于亚里士多德-贺拉斯的传统，将文学视为实践哲学，其最终目的是通过对公民的教育来建立一个秩序良好的共同体。

The purpose of this research is to reevaluate Ben Jonson from the humanistic point of view. Jonson, who had been regarded as the paragon of Engligh literature among the learned people in his own time, fell from grace to be replaced by Shakespeare a century later, the rise of German Romanticism made a decisive push toward shifts in values, from the humanistic to the romantic. Since then the anti-humanistic tendency has been prevalent in literary criticism, and the study of Jonson has not been free from the "romantic" prejudice, when it depends mainly on specialists of Shakespeare who read and study Jonson in their spare time. As a means of normalizing Jonsonian study, the investigator has attempted a reconstruction of the meaning of humanism, which has been irretrievably worn out during these two centuries, by putting it back into the original context where it was shared as "common property" among men of letters throughout Europe. The reconsideration of the humanistic value in Jonson has been done by reexamining how it makes the core of his literary canon in his works, in relation to three other fields of science, i.e., art, history and ideas. The conclusions investigator has drawn from the three-year-research are as follows :1. Jonson regarded no other arts, be it painting, architecture, or music, as hostile to his own, but estimated works of each genre according to the degree they satisfy his humanistic standard.2. His poetical realism is closely connected with the attitude peculiar to humanists, who used to extract universal lessons from each particular historical events.3. His idea of humanism stemmed from Aristotelian-Horatian tradition with its view of literature as practical philosophy, whose ultimate end is to establish a well-ordered commonwealth through the education of the citizen.