English Humanism and the Translation of Greek, c. 1450-1550

英国人文主义和希腊语翻译，c。

• 批准号: 2435414
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2435414
• 关键词: English; Humanism; Translation; Greek; c.

Studies which consider the development of early English humanism, such as Rita Copeland's Oxford History of Classical Reception in English Literature, 800-1558 (OHCREL I), focus overwhelmingly on the reception of texts in Latin. Little pressure is put on Greek, aside from its being understood that Greek materials circulated in Latinised copies. Concentrating on the final century of OHCREL I's period of study, my project puts Greek rather than Latin at the centre of attention. How were classical Greek texts transmitted and translated (into both Latin and English) in late medieval and early modern England? Is there evidence to suggest that the reception and translation of Greek (rather than Latin) texts should be seen as part of a distinct tradition? In turn, what are the implications for understanding early Tudor literary culture more widely? My approach to these questions is informed heavily by translation studies and book history, analysing literary authors as much as their scribes or printers (who were often, in any case, one and the same person). Scholars in the field have already demonstrated that these methodological frameworks work well in tandem: developments in English humanism clearly went hand-in-hand with the development of translation strategies; in turn, translation depended closely on the manual copying of classical texts and on the production and distribution of such texts in print. My pairing of these methodologies, then, is not in itself new. However, my approach remains novel in two major respects. First, I apply these methodologies to texts - some canonical, and others which are yet to receive critical attention - which have not hitherto been analysed together. After a first chapter considering the scribal background to and perception of Greek in early to mid-fifteenth century England, subsequent chapters focus on John Skelton's translation of Diodorus Siculus's Bibliotheca historica, Thomas More's Utopia and Moriae Encomium, Thomas Linacre's translations of Galen (printed, using some Greek type, by John Siberch), and finally on a selection of English translations of Greek texts printed by Thomas Berthelet in the 1530s and 1540s. A conclusion looks ahead to the later sixteenth century, which witnessed increasing numbers of vernacular translations of Greek texts (and also, curiously, some translations made from Latin into Greek). Second, although my overarching focus remains on English literature, I analyse texts equally in Greek, Latin, and English. My reasoning behind this is that 'English literature' from 1450-1550 cannot adequately be analysed, or even adequately represented, by literature solely in English. My thesis, then, aims not only to offer new and much-needed perspectives on early English humanism and classical reception, but also to underscore the benefits of a genuinely polylingual approach to literature of this period.

考虑早期英语人文主义发展的研究，如丽塔·科普兰的《牛津英语文学经典接受史，800-1558》（OHCREL I），主要集中在拉丁语文本的接受上。希腊语几乎没有受到压力，除了它被理解为希腊语的材料以拉丁语版本流传。我的项目集中在OHCREL I研究的最后世纪，将希腊语而不是拉丁语置于关注的中心。古典希腊文本是如何在中世纪晚期和现代早期的英国传播和翻译的（拉丁语和英语）？是否有证据表明，接受和翻译希腊（而不是拉丁）文本应被视为一个独特的传统的一部分？反过来，对更广泛地理解早期都铎文学文化有什么影响？我对这些问题的研究方法在很大程度上来自翻译研究和书籍历史，分析文学作者以及他们的抄写员或印刷商（他们通常是同一个人）。该领域的学者已经证明，这些方法论框架可以很好地协同工作：英国人文主义的发展显然与翻译策略的发展齐头并进;反过来，翻译密切依赖于对经典文本的手工复制以及这些文本的印刷和分发。因此，我对这些方法论的配对本身并不新鲜。然而，我的方法在两个主要方面仍然是新颖的。首先，我将这些方法应用于文本-一些典型的，和其他尚未得到关键的关注-迄今为止还没有一起分析。在第一章考虑了世纪早期到中期的英国对希腊语的抄写背景和看法之后，随后的章节集中在约翰·里斯顿对狄奥多罗斯·西库勒斯的《历史书目》、托马斯莫尔的《乌托邦》和《莫里哀的赞美》、托马斯·林纳克尔的《盖伦》的翻译（印刷，使用一些希腊类型，由约翰Siberch），最后是托马斯贝尔特莱特在16世纪30年代和40年代印刷的希腊文本的英译本选集。结论展望了16世纪后期，见证了越来越多的希腊文本的白话翻译（而且，奇怪的是，一些从拉丁语翻译成希腊语）。其次，虽然我的首要重点仍然是英语文学，我分析文本同样在希腊，拉丁语和英语。我的理由是，从1450年至1550年的“英国文学”不能充分分析，甚至充分代表，文学只在英语。因此，我的论文不仅旨在为早期英语人文主义和古典接受提供新的和急需的视角，而且还强调了这一时期文学的真正多语言方法的好处。