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Effects of Cognitive Schema on Geographical Urban Image

认知图式对地理城市意象的影响

基本信息

批准号：
03650489
负责人：
AOKI Yoshitsugu
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
Tokyo Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We can imagine the geographical structure of cities although the objects can not be seen directly. This fact suggest that we have a kind of cognitive schema to grasp the geographical characteristics of the urban space. It is very important in the studies on urban image to discuss not only the perceptible objects itself but also the cognitive schemata figured in our minds.In tihs study we focus on the shape of loop-lines which form the fundamental structure of cities and play an important role in our geographical urban image. In order to discuss the cognitive schema for the loop-lines, we made some surveys in Tokyo and Osaka by using the method of sketch-maps. Almost all the people draw the loop-lines as a very simple circular shape, and the other railroads which go through the inside of the loop-lines as a simple straight shape. This results show us that the shape of railroads in our geographical image is transfigured to the very simple shapes with the effects of the cognitive schema.This kind of cognitive schema is supposed to be based on the cultural backgrounds, Then, the shapes of the cognitive schemata figured in the different cultural backgraounds would not be the same. In order to test this hypothesis, we made another survey in Seoul. However, we can not find any differences between the sketch-maps drawn by Korean and Japanese whose cultural backgrounds and the term of residence are very different. This result shows that the cognitive schema which has a very simple and universal geometric shape dose not depend on the differences of cultural backgrounds.

我们可以想象城市的地理结构，尽管这些物体不能直接看到。这一事实表明我们有一种认知图式来把握城市空间的地理特征。在城市形象的研究中，不仅要讨论可感知的对象本身，而且要讨论我们头脑中形成的认知图式。在这项研究中，我们关注的是环线的形状，它构成了城市的基本结构，并在我们的地理城市形象中发挥着重要作用。为了探讨环线的认知图式，我们用示意图的方法在东京和大阪进行了调查。几乎所有的人都把环线画成非常简单的圆形，而其他穿过环线内部的铁路则画成简单的直线形状。这一结果表明，在认知图式的影响下，铁路在我们的地理形象中的形状被变形为非常简单的形状，这种认知图式应该是基于文化背景的，那么，不同文化背景下塑造的认知图式的形状就会不同。为了验证这一假设，我们在首尔进行了另一项调查。然而，韩国人和日本人绘制的示意图并没有什么不同，他们的文化背景和居住期限都有很大的差异。这一结果表明，认知图式具有非常简单而普遍的几何形状，并不依赖于文化背景的差异。