Biosystematics on the alpine flora of Sayan and Altai Ranges

萨彦岭和阿尔泰山脉高山植物区系的生物系统学

• 批准号: 04041087
• 负责人: WAKABAYASHI Michio
• 金额: $ 7.68万
• 依托单位: Tokyo Metropolitan University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1992 至 1993
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04041087/
• 关键词: West Sayan mountains; Alpine flora; Biosystematic study; Relevancy to Himalayan flora; Relevancy to Japanese alpine flora; アルタイ山脈; 種分化と起源; 比較形態学的解析; 染色体解析; 植生変遷史

This study has been aimed to get better understanding of the differentiation patterns among alpine plant species in Sayan and Altai Ranges and the origin of alpine floras in Japan and Himalaya, through the biosystematic analyses. The relults obtained in 1993 are as follows.1. About 7000 sheets of plant specimens were collected in West Sayan Ranges in 1993. They include the many species which could never be observed in the botanical expedition of Altai Ranges made in 1992. Through approximately 14000 sheets of plant specimens collected in this study in 1992 and 1993, the outline of alpine flora in Sayan and Altai mountain ranges seems to have been grasped, which will be kept in Makino Herbarium, Tokyo Metropolitan University. The duplicates will be send to the other herbaria.2. The arctic circumpolar elements such as Saxifraga cernua, Dryas octopetala and Oxyria digyna were observed in the alpines of Siberia. These plants were usual and widely distributed in Siberia, though they are ver … More y rare and restricted in narrow area in the alpines in Japan. Especially, Saxifraga cernua in Japan is exclusively reproduced asexially by bulbils, but it has been recognized that this species in Siberia is reproduced also by the bisexial flowers.3. Aconitum: (1) A new species in this genus, named as A. krasnoborfii in the present study, was found in West Sayan mountains, which was closely related to A. burnattii Gayer subsp.petheri (Hayek) Jalas belonging to the sect. Napellus found in Europe. (2) A.paskoi Worosch. endemic to West Sayan mountains were recognized to have definite inflorescence which has been known only in the species distributed in the alpines of Central Japan. This species is closely related to A. senanense Nakai var.paludicola (Nakai) Tamura of Japan. The examples that the endemic species in Japanese alpine flora has its sister species only in the alpines of Siberia are found also between Ranunculus sulphureus and R.altaicus, and between Trollius pulcher and T.altaicus.4. Saussurea: The species in the subgenus Amphilaena has been known as one of "green house plants" distributed in Himalayan region. It was, however, recognized that this group occurred also in Siberia. The species are S.orgaadayi in Altai and S.dorogostaiskii in West Sayan. The flower-heads, especially, of S. dorogostaiskii were enveloped by the bracts when young, but they become naked completely after anthesis, the papery bracts spreading downward. These plants might be of important for understanding the origin of S.obvallata occurring in Himalaya.5. About 200 bottles of chromosome materials were obtained in Saxifraga, Chrsosplenium, Rhodiola, Sedum and Hypotelephium. They include many species materials which we could not get in Altai Range.6. Carex: About 2600 sheets of the specimens covered approximately 100 species were collected in West Sayan Range. It was found that about 1/3 of these species were distributed also in the northern area or the alpines of Japan, or closely related to Japanese species. This may give the valuable information for understanding the origin of Japanese Carex flora. Less

本研究的目的是通过生物系统学分析，进一步了解萨彦和阿尔泰高山植物种间的分化模式以及日本和喜马拉雅高山植物区系的起源。1993年取得的结果如下：1. 1993年在西萨彦山脉采集植物标本约7000张。其中包括1992年阿尔泰山脉植物考察中从未观察到的许多物种。通过1992年和1993年采集的约14000张植物标本，初步掌握了萨彦山和阿尔泰山高山植物群的概况，并将其保存在首都大学牧野植物标本室。复制品将被发送到其他植物标本馆。在西伯利亚的高山上观察到了北极环极成分虎耳草（Saxifragacernua）、八瓣木（Dryasoctopetala）和尖果木（Oxyriadigyna）。这些植物是常见的，广泛分布在西伯利亚，虽然他们是野生的。 ...更多信息 在日本阿尔卑斯山的狭窄区域内是罕见的。特别是，虎耳草cernua在日本是唯一的繁殖无轴的珠芽，但它已被确认，本种在西伯利亚繁殖也由两性花.（1）该属一新种，命名为A. krasnoborfii，发现于西萨彦山，与A. Burnattii Gayer subsp.petheri（Hayek）Jalas，属于欧洲的Napellus组。(2)A.paskoi Worosch.西萨彦山特有的植物被认为具有明确的花序，这种花序仅在分布于日本中部高山的物种中已知。本种与A.沼生senanense Nakai var.paludicola（Nakai）Tamura。日本高山植物群的特有种只有在西伯利亚的高山上才有姊妹种的例子，也见于毛茛和阿尔泰毛茛之间，金莲花和阿尔泰金莲花之间.风毛菊属（Aussurea）：分布于喜马拉雅地区，是一种被称为“绿色室内植物”的双花亚属（Amphilaena）。然而，人们认识到，这一群体也出现在西伯利亚。该物种是阿尔泰的S.orgaadayi和西萨彦的S.dorogostaiskii。特别是S. dorogostaiskii幼时被苞片包裹，但开花后完全裸露，纸质苞片向下展开。这些植物对了解喜马拉雅山的S.obvallata的起源可能具有重要意义。从虎耳草属、金腰属、红景天属、景天属和Hypotelephium等植物中获得了约200瓶染色体材料。其中包括许多在阿尔泰山所没有的物种材料。苔草属：在西萨彦岭采集了约2600张标本，涉及约100种。其中约有1/3的种类也分布在日本的北方或高山地区，或与日本的种类关系密切。这为进一步了解日本苔草属植物群的起源提供了有价值的信息。少

项目成果

Yuichi Kadota: "Taxonomic status of Siberian Aconitum Species,A.paskoi Worosch.(Ranunculaceae)with special reference to the Japanese Alpine Species" J.Jpn.Bot.69(in preparation). (1994)

Yuichi Kadota：“西伯利亚乌头物种 A.paskoi Worosch.（毛茛科）的分类地位，特别参考日本高山物种”J.Jpn.Bot.69（准备中）。

Makoto Amano: "Chromosome numbers of Hypotelephium and Orostachys in West Sayan Mountain Range" J.Jpn.Bot. 69(in preparation). (1994)

Makoto Amano：“西萨延山脉的 Hypotelephium 和 Orostachys 的染色体数量”J.Jpn.Bot。

Amano,Makoto: "Chromosome numbers of Hypotelephium and Orostachys in West Sayan Mountain Range" J.Jpn.Bot.69(in preparation). (1994)

天野诚：“西萨延山脉的Hypotelephium和Orostachys的染色体数目”J.Jpn.Bot.69（准备中）。

Takahashi,Akira: "Wood anatomy of the genus Caragana" J.Jpn.Bot.70(in preparation). (1995)

高桥晃：“锦鸡儿属的木材解剖学”J.Jpn.Bot.70（准备中）。

Michio Wakabayashi: "Chromosome numbers and karyomorphology of some species in Saxifraga of Altai Mountain Range, Russia" J. Jpn. Bot.68. (1993)

Michio Wakabayashi：“俄罗斯阿尔泰山脉虎耳草某些物种的染色体数目和核形态” J. Jpn.