Trace Material Analyzes of the Ice Cores from the Canadian Arctic-Difference in Acid Rain between Historical Volcanic Eruption and Anthropogenic Origin

加拿大北极冰芯的痕量物质分析——历史火山喷发与人为起源之间酸雨的差异

• 批准号: 04044151
• 负责人: SUGAHARA Masataka
• 金额: $ 14.34万
• 依托单位: Osaka Sangyo University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1992 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04044151/
• 关键词: North Pole; Ice Core; Acid Rain; Micro-Pollutants; Pollen; Volcanic Eruption; Canadian Arctic; Ice core; Volcanic Eruption; Microelement; pollen; Volcano

The objective of this investigation was successfully achieved during the last three years, mainly due to stable weather in the Arctic, which facilitated the accident free sampling expedition. This research through the Canadian collaborators helped to create an international research organization, ICAPP (International Circum-Arctic Paleoclimate Program). The ICAPP will be recognized as one of PAGES (Past Global Climate Changes) activities under IGBP (International Geosphere and Biosphere Program). The ICAPP now consisted of eight countries (USA,Russia, Denmark, Norway, UK,Geamany and Japan)During the last 3 years, two full ice cores up to the bed rock (124 m each) which represented 150,000years, (and one ice core of 800 years and 11 ice cores of 70 years) were collected from the Agassiz ice cap in the Canadian Arctic. The ECM (electrical conductivity measurements) data were collected from these ice cores. A portable computer was interfaced with the ECM device. The ECM records revealed t … More he history of acid rain during the past 150,000 years. More than 50 distinguishable emission. The difference in acid rain between the historical eruptions and anthropogenic emission was the severity of acidity. The eruptions had short and intense acidity while the anthropogenic emission had long and moderate acidity.The concentration of radioactive materials from the nuclear weapons testing was quantified for the last 70 years. The radioactive materials included ^<137>Cs and ^<239+240>Pu, besides natural materials such as ^<40>K and ^<210>Pb. The highest concentration was obtained from an ice layr of 1962-1963, just after the international treaty, of the nuclear atmospheric testing ban. The concentration of ^<137>Cs was 2.460 mBq/cm^2 and 4.5 mBq/cm^2 for ^<239+240>Pu. The most interesting information was that the radioactive materials of 1945 explosions (New Mexico, Hiroshima and Nagasaki) was obtained from the ice layrs of 1945-46. The layrs contained 0.04mBq/cm^2 for ^<137>Cs while 0.0007 mBq/cm^2 for ^<239+240>Pu. Some of the data were already published in the Journal of Applied Rediation and Isotopes. Less

在过去三年中，这项调查的目标得以成功实现，主要是由于北极地区天气稳定，这为无事故取样考察提供了便利。这项研究通过加拿大合作者帮助建立了一个国际研究组织，ICAPP（国际环北极古气候计划）。ICAPP将被确认为IGBP（国际地圈和生物圈计划）下的PAGES（过去全球气候变化）活动之一。ICAPP现在由8个国家（美国、俄罗斯、丹麦、挪威、英国、Geamany和日本）组成。在过去的3年里，从加拿大北极的阿加西冰帽中收集了两个完整的冰芯（每个冰芯124 m），代表15万年，（一个冰芯800年，11个冰芯70年）。从这些冰芯中收集ECM（电导率测量）数据。一台便携式计算机与ECM装置连接。ECM记录显示， ...更多信息 这是过去15万年来酸雨的历史。超过50种不同的发射。历史上的火山喷发和人为排放之间的酸雨差异是酸度的严重程度。火山喷发具有短暂而强烈的酸性，而人为排放具有长期和中等的酸性。放射性物质包括^<137>Cs和^&lt;239+240&gt;Pu，以及^<40>K和^<210>Pb等天然物质。浓度最高的是1962-1963年的一个冰层，就在国际条约禁止核大气层试验之后。^ Cs的浓度<137>为2.460 mBq/cm ^2，^&lt;239+240&gt;Pu的浓度为4.5 mBq/cm ^2。最有趣的信息是1945年爆炸（新墨西哥州、广岛和长崎）的放射性物质是从1945-46年的冰层中获得的。层中的^ Cs含量为0.04 mBq/cm ^2<137>，而^&lt;239+240&gt;Pu含量为0.0007 mBq/cm ^2。其中一些数据已经发表在《应用辐射和同位素杂志》上。少

项目成果

AKIRA KUDO and Dallas C. SANTRY: "Plutonium in the Environment" Pergamon Press,(U.K) (Accepted), 320 (1995)

AKIRA KUDO 和 Dallas C. SANTRY：“环境中的钚” Pergamon Press，（英国）（已接受），320 (1995)

Y.Ikeda,K.Murano S.Hatakeyama,T.Mizoguchi: "Chemical Spacies in Fog Water and Pollution at the Top of Mt.Akagi in Japan" Proc,of International Symposium of University of Osaka Prefecture on Global Amenity. 105-110 (1992)

Y.Ikeda，K.Murano S.Hatakeyama，T.Mizoguchi：“日本赤城山顶雾水和污染中的化学空间”，大阪府大学全球舒适性国际研讨会论文集。

Tuguo Mizoguchi: "History of Air Pollution Measuring Methods and Comparison Methods" Bunseki. 9. 691-698 (1992)

Tuguo Mizoguchi：“空气污染测量方法和比较方法的历史”Bunseki。

Garrec,J.-P.: "Les arbres d'aujourdhui dans I'atmosphere de demain" La Recherche. 1174-75 (1993)

Garrec,J.-P.：“Les arbres daujourdhui dans Iatmosphere de de main”La Recherche。

A.Kudo, R.M.Koerner, D.A.fisher, J.Zheng, M.Sugahara, M.Nakao, K.Azuma, T.Mizoguchi: "Histroy and Prediction of Global Environmental Chenges and Global Acid Rain" Journal of Environmental Conservation Engieering. 22. 489-498 (1993)

A.Kudo、R.M.Koerner、D.A.fisher、J.Zheng、M.Sugahara、M.Nakao、K.Azuma、T.Mizoguchi：“全球环境变化和全球酸雨的历史和预测”环境保护工程杂志。