Biorecycle-its structure and variation

Biorecycle-其结构和变异

• 批准号: 04304002
• 负责人: ABE Takuya
• 金额: $ 11.52万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1992 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04304002/
• 关键词: Bio-recycle; Termites; Ruminants; C; N balance; Digestive mutualism; Metham bacteria; 空中窒素固定バクテリア; メタン細菌; バイオリサイクル; 空中窒素固定細菌

The present study intended to clarify the bio-recycle process in termite-symbiont system, ruminant-symbiont system and soil communities with special reference to cellulose decomposition process and C/N balance problem.1. Cellulose decomposition : Lower termites produce cellulases in salivary glands and midgut, and decompose cellulose into glucose in the midgut, and at the same times symbiotic protoza decompose cellulose in the hindgut. On the other hand, higher termites without symbiotic protozoa produce cellulase from salivary glands and midgut. In ruminants, fungi are also concerened in the cellulose decomposition as well as protozoa and bacteria.2. C/N balance : Lower termites which eat wood poor in nitrogen get nitrogen from the air with the aid of symbiotic bacteria : at least 30-50% of nitrogen of those termite bodies were due to the air, although the dependency on atomospheric nitogen is low in higher termites which mainly consume other dead plant material than wood.3. Importance of fungi in the decomposition process in soil ecosystem was examined in relation to C/N balance problem.

本研究旨在阐明白蚁-共生体系统、反刍动物-共生体系统和土壤群落中的生物循环过程，特别是纤维素分解过程和C/N平衡问题。纤维素分解：低等白蚁在唾液腺和中肠产生纤维素酶，并在中肠将纤维素分解为葡萄糖，同时共生原虫在后肠分解纤维素。另一方面，没有共生原生动物的高等白蚁从唾液腺和中肠产生纤维素酶。在反刍动物中，真菌以及原生动物和细菌也集中在纤维素的分解中。C/N平衡：低等白蚁以缺乏氮素的木材为食，借助共生细菌从空气中获取氮素：这些白蚁体内至少有30%-50%的氮素来自空气，尽管高等白蚁对大气中氮素的依赖程度较低，因为高等白蚁主要消耗木材以外的其他死亡植物材料。结合土壤C/N平衡问题，探讨了真菌在土壤生态系统分解过程中的重要性。

项目成果

松本 忠夫: "東正彦,安部琢哉編「地域共生系とは何か」2章:昆虫の消化共生系" 平凡社, 40-57 (1992)

松本忠雄：“什么是区域共生系统，东正彦和阿部拓也主编？第2章：昆虫的消化共生系统”《Heibonsha》，40-57（1992）

Higashi,M.: "Carbon-nitrogen balance and termite ecology" Proceedings of the Royal Society,London B. 249. 303-308 (1992)

Higashi,M.：“碳氮平衡和白蚁生态学”英国皇家学会学报，伦敦 B. 249. 303-308 (1992)

Abe,T: "Fauna and nesting habits of termites in the peat swamp forest and rubber planatation at Narathiwat,southernThailand" Island Studies in Okinawa. 11. 43-54 (1993)

Abe，T：“泰国南部陶公泥炭沼泽森林和橡胶种植园中的动物群和白蚁的筑巢习性”冲绳岛屿研究。

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长谷川,G

Higashi,M: "What determines animal group size : insider-outsider conflict and its resolution." The American Naturalist. 142. 553-563 (1993)

Higashi,M：“决定动物群体规模的因素：内部与外部的冲突及其解决方案。”