Diversification of termites driven by the evolution of symbiosis and sociality

共生和社会性进化驱动白蚁多样化

• 批准号: 07304052
• 负责人: ABE Takuya
• 金额: $ 8.26万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07304052/
• 关键词: Termites; Global diversification; Symbiosis; Sociality; Molecular phylogeny; Stable isotope analysis; Nitrogen fixation; Cellulose decomposition; 多様化プロセス; セルロース; メタン生成; 共生系; 土を食べるシロアリ(Soil Freeder)

1 Biogeographical distribution of termitesThe molecular phylogeny of termites suggests that the Rhinotermitidae are not mono-phyogenetic, and that Macrotermitinae have evolved most anciently among higher termites. The molecular phylogeny of the Rhinotermitidae were also examined in relation to the phylogeny of symbiotic protozoa and biogeography. Based on the faunal study of the distribution of termites, an hypothesis that higher termites evolved not in the forest but in the savanna.2 Evolution of symbiosisThe evolutionary process of the symbiosis from lower termites to higher termites was examined in relation to nitrogen-fixing ability and cellulose decomposition system. The lower termites produce cellulase by themselves, although symbiotic protozoa also produce cellulase. The nitrogen fixing ability was high in the wood feeders of lower termites but low in soil-feeders of higher termites.3.Ecological role of termites in ecosystemThe methane emission by various species of termites was examined. The rate was very high in the soil feeding termites.4.SynthesisThe Synthesis on the diversification of termites driven by the evolution of symbiosis and sociality was done in the book edited by Abe, T., Levin, S.& Higashi, M.(1996) : Biodiversity, Springer.

1白蚁的生物地理分布白蚁的分子系统发育表明鼻白蚁科不是单系发生的，大白蚁亚科在高等白蚁中进化得最古老。本文还从共生原生动物的生殖发育和生殖地理学的角度探讨了鼻白蚁科的分子生殖发育。在白蚁区系分布研究的基础上，提出了高等白蚁不是在森林中进化而是在草原中进化的假说。2.共生体的进化从固氮能力和纤维素分解系统两个方面考察了从低等白蚁到高等白蚁共生体的进化过程。低等白蚁自身产生纤维素酶，尽管共生原生动物也产生纤维素酶。低等白蚁取食木材的固氮能力强，而高等白蚁取食土壤的固氮能力弱。3.白蚁在生态系统中的生态作用研究了不同种类白蚁的甲烷排放量。在土食白蚁中的比率非常高。4.综合关于共生和社会性进化驱动的白蚁多样性的综合在Abe，T.编辑的书中完成，Levin，S.& Higashi，M.（1996）：Biodiversity，Springer.

项目成果

Higashi,M.and Abe,T.: "Global diversification of termites driven by the evolution of symbiosis and sociality.In:Biodiversity:A Ecological Perspective.(Abe,T.,Levin,S.A.& Higashi,M.eds.)" Springer-Verlag, 83-112 (1996)

Higashi,M. 和 Abe,T.：“共生和社会性进化驱动白蚁的全球多样化。见：生物多样性：生态学视角。（Abe,T.,Levin,S.A.

Abe, T. ; Simon, S. A. and Higashi, M.: "Biodiversity : A Ecological Perspective." Springer-Verlag, N. Y., USA, (In press), (1996)

阿部，T.；

Abe, T: "Feeding activities and intra and interspecific interactions of fungus growing termite, Macrotermes michaelseni in the grassland of Kenya." Structure and function of soil communities (ed. Edowards, C. A., Abe, T. and Striganova, B. R.). 139-152 (1

Abe，T：“肯尼亚草原上真菌生长白蚁 Macrotermes michaelseni 的取食活动以及种内和种间相互作用。”

Higashi, M. and Abe, T.: "Global diversification of termites driven by the evolution of symbiosis and sociality" Biodiversity : A Ecological Perspective. (ed. Abe, T., Simon. S. A. and Higashi, M.). (in press). (1996)

Higashi, M. 和 Abe, T.：“共生和社会性进化驱动的白蚁全球多样化”生物多样性：生态学视角。

Edowards, C. A., Abe, T. and Striganova, B. R.: "Structure and function of soil communities." Kyoto University Press, Japan, 152 (1995)

Edowards, C. A.、Abe, T. 和 Striganova, B. R.：“土壤群落的结构和功能”。