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Global diversification of termite-Its pattern and causal mechanism

白蚁的全球多样化——其模式和因果机制

基本信息

批准号：
07044193
负责人：
ABE Takuya
金额：
$ 8.32万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The global diversification of termites was studied with reference to its pattern and causal mechanism as follows.(1) Adaptive radiation of Termes into soil-feeders : The evolution of feeding habits in Termes were studied by gut contents observation, stable isotope analysis, measurement of cellulase activities, and mitochondria DNA analysis in Australia, suggesting that the evolution into soil-feeding occurred once in Termes. The present study revealed the presence of amoeba with cellulase activity in Termes.(2) Evolutionary process from lower termites to higher termites : Termite fauna in the upland rainforest of Queensland of Australia, where Gondwana mesic forests have persisted since Cretaceous time, was compared with that in adjacent savanna formed in the Tertiary period. The former was dominated by lower termites, while the latter was dominated by higher termites. The higher termites seem to have evolved not in the forest but savanna.(3) Evolution of termite-symbiont system : Global diversification of termites was examined in relation to the evolution of termite-symbiont system and the sociality (T.Abe, S.A.Levin & M.Higashi eds, Biodiversity.Springer, 1997).(4) Ecological role of termites in ecosystem : The distribution of fungus-growing termites was examined together with their methane mission in the dry evergreen forest of Thailand.(5) Phylogeny of termites and biogeography : Phylogeny of Rhinotermitidae was examined in relation to their change in the symbiotic protozoa and their biogeography in the Japanese islands.(6) Workshop on the global diversification of termites : The workshop was held at Kyoto in March, 1997 to publish a textbook of the biology of termites. About 20 foreign termite researchers attended the meeting.

白蚁的全球多样性研究参照其模式和因果机制如下。(1)白蚁向土食性的适应性辐射：通过对澳大利亚白蚁消化道内容物的观察、稳定同位素分析、纤维素酶活性测定和线粒体DNA分析，研究了白蚁食性的进化，表明白蚁向土食性的进化发生过一次。本研究揭示了在白蚁中存在具有纤维素酶活性的阿米巴。(2)从低等白蚁到高等白蚁的演化过程：对澳大利亚昆士兰州自白垩纪以来一直存在冈瓦纳中温带森林的高地雨林和邻近的第三纪热带稀树草原的白蚁区系进行了比较。前者以低等白蚁为主，后者以高等白蚁为主。高等白蚁似乎不是在森林里进化的，而是在热带稀树草原上进化的。(3)白蚁-共生体系统的进化：从白蚁-共生体系统的进化和社会性的角度研究了白蚁的全球多样性（T.Abe，S. A. Levin & M.Higashi eds，Biodiversity.Springer，1997）。(4)白蚁在生态系统中的生态作用：在泰国的干燥万年青森林中，研究了真菌生长白蚁的分布及其甲烷使命。(5)白蚁的系统发育和系统地理学：研究了鼻白蚁科的系统发育与其在日本岛屿共生原生动物中的变化及其系统地理学的关系。(6)白蚁全球多样性讲习班：1997年3月在京都举行，出版了一本白蚁生物学教科书。约20名国外白蚁研究人员参加了会议。