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フィリピン・マヨン火山の噴火と災害の調査研究

菲律宾马荣火山喷发及灾害研究

基本信息

批准号：
04306027
负责人：
岡田弘
金额：
--
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

フィリッピン・マヨン火山で1993年2月2日に発生した火砕流噴火は、事前の警告もなく70余名の犠牲者を出した。また、火山から6kmの永久居住禁止地区に加え、南東側では半径10km迄の数万人の地域住民が避難している。本研究班では、平成5年2月26日から3月5日の期間にフィリッピン火山地震研究所の協力を得て調査研究を実施した。地震記録、噴出物、過去の噴火記録などを手がかりに2月2日の火砕流の特性を解析した。爆発型で始まり、南東ガリーを崩落直進し屈曲点での破砕が、激しいサージと多数の死者の原因らしい。地震や空振の共同観測資料では、3月1〜4日にかけての火山灰噴出や小規模火砕流の実体を明らかにすることができた。マヨン火山はフィリッピンで最も活発な火山として噴火前から手引書の作成、観測所の整備、災害予測図の作成等注目する取り組みがなされていた。にもかかわらず、2月2日の噴火に先立ち直前前兆としての群発地震や徴動を時間・日単位で認めることは出来なかった。長期的には数ケ月単位の地震活動の衰勢、また顕著な前兆として周辺での井戸水位の低下があった。火山地震研究所は、二酸化硫黄放出量や地震徴動等の数値情報が盛り込まれた火山情報を発表し、5段階の警戒レベルを用いている。学ぶべき点も多い。避難所や大学での火山活動説明会や国際火山学会の映像ビデオの活用、更にマスメディアとの対応などに接する機会もあった。また、噴火直後から1ケ月間駐在し調査研究を行っていた米国の火山学者と、緊密な連絡をとると共に、調査における多大な授助を受けた。運転手付きの外交官車両や人工衛星通信設備の利用など、災害時の緊急調査研究の内容について、今後の教訓として得るものも多かった。

There was a fire in the volcano on February 2, 1993, and a prior warning was given to more than 70 animal owners. The areas where permanent residence is forbidden to live in Canada and the south are forbidden areas with a radius of 10km up to tens of thousands of people. People living in areas with tens of thousands of people are sheltered. During the period of February 26, February 26, 2005 and March 5, 2005, the Institute of Volcano Seismology and Research Institute of Volcano Seismology and Research Institute of Volcano Seismology were awarded the cooperation of the Institute of volcanic Seismology. Earthquake records, output, past fire records, and fire records. The explosion type is the beginning, the south is the beginning, the collapse is straight into the flexion point, the flexion point is broken, the shock is the cause of most of the dead. The earthquake, air-vibration, and air-to-air vibration data collection, March 1-4, the volcanic ash released a small-scale fire flow model, and the fire flow model showed that there was a significant increase in the volume of volcanic ash. This is the most active part of the volcano. In front of the fire, the equipment was made, the equipment and the damage were measured, and so on. On February 2, the fire will first set up the precursory earthquake, the time of the earthquake, the time of the earthquake, and the earthquake. For a long period of time, the seismicity has declined for several months, and the water level in the well is very low. The Volcano Seismological Research Institute, the amount of sulphur emitted from the volcano, the amount of sulfur released, the number of events, such as the number of events, the amount of sulfur released by the Institute of Volcano Seismology, the amount of sulphur released by the Institute of Volcano Seismology, the amount of sulphur released by the Institute of volcanic Seismology, the amount of sulfur released by the Institute of Volcano Seismology, the amount of sulphur released by the Institute of Volcano Seismology, the amount of sulfur emitted by diacidified sulfur, earthquake activity and so on. Learn to learn more from others. The International Society of Volcano will be informed of the volcanic activity at the University of Yeshai. it will be used more effectively and more effectively. In the first half of the year, after the fire, we went to the United States for research and study, held a joint meeting of volcanologists in the United States, held a joint meeting in close contact with each other, and asked how much money was offered to receive assistance. Please pay diplomats to make use of artificial satellite communications equipment to study the contents of artificial satellite communications equipment in the event of a disaster, and to teach them how to do so in the future.