Hierarchy and indeterminacy ruling biological phenomena

点击翻译按钮获取中文摘要

In the study of biological systems, we frequently encounter problems associated with hierarchical phenomena and structrues. As a result of development of the both experiment and theory, the microscopic analyzes of hierarchical phenomena and structures is being studied intensively. In the present study, however, we considered the hierarchical phenomena and structures based upon the studies on nonlinear and nonequilibrium phenomena. In biologically related systems, Hatta discussed sequential mechanism of phase transition in heterogeneous biological systems, Yoshikawa et al.performed direct observation of the coil-globule transition in DNA molecules, Kakitani discussed relationship between four-state delineation and two-state delineation in electron transfer reactions and excitation transfer, Kawakubo et al.discussed convective instability and electric potential oscillation in a water-oil-water system, Kuramoto et al.discussed anomalous Lyapunov spectrum in globally coupled oscillators, and Kushida et al.studied structural dynamics of proteins by hole-burning spectroscopy. In living biological systems, Ueda discussed pattern dynamics in cellar perception, Sawada discussed a scaling theory of living state, Tsuchiya et al.discussed synchronization in a plasmodial strand of physarum polycephalum as a one-dimensional coupled oscillator system, and Kai et al.discussed morphogenesis and bioluminescence in germination of red beam. In systems related to human being, Shimizu discussed biological autonomy : the selfcreation of constrainta, Musha et al.discussed location of electric current sources in the human brain estimated by the dipole tracing method of the scalp-skull-brain head model, and Hirakawa et al.discussed phase dynamics in entrained alpha rhythms by photic stimulation.