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Physiological and biochemical studies on the sink and source capacities in different orguns of crop plants

农作物不同器官库源能力的生理生化研究

基本信息

批准号：
04404007
负责人：
ISHII Ryuichi
金额：
$ 19.52万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Purpose of this research is to elucidate the determination mechanism of sink and source capacities of photosynthetic assimilatesin crop plants.1.It was shown that Q enzyme, a starch degradation enzyme, was the key enzyme to starch accumulation in the leaf sheath which was the main accumulation organ of starch in rice. Moreover, it was also found that the expression of Q enzyme activity expression was regulated by the supply of sucrose to the leaf sheath.2.The low grain filling mechanism in the New Plant Type (NPT) rice varieties developed in IRRI as the high yielding varieties was examined. It was found that the NPT varieties lacked in apical dominance, and allocated assimilates uniformly into all the grains in a panicle. This was supposed to be the main reason for deficiency of difference of superior and inferior grains in a panicle.3.The mechanism of falling down of the flowers and pods locating in the upper part of racimes of soybean plantswas studied. It was indicated that indoleacetic acid like plant hormone produced in the base of racime was responsible to the falling down of the pods.4.It was shown that inhibition of Rubisco formation in the source organs by Na ions is not so great in salt tolerant rice varieties, compared with intolerant varieties. Moreover, in salt tolerant rice varieties, competitive inhibition of K ion absorption by Nais little compared with intolerant varieties.5.It was suggested that there was a barrier in the transportation of Al ions to the leaf blades in acid soil tolerant rice varieties. This might maintain the photosynthesis in the leaf blades at high level in the acid soil tolerant rice varieties.

本研究旨在阐明作物光合作用同化物库源容量的决定机制。1.研究表明，Q酶是淀粉降解酶，是水稻叶片中淀粉积累的关键酶，叶鞘是水稻体内淀粉的主要积累器官。此外，还发现Q酶活性的表达受叶鞘中蔗糖供应的调节。2.研究了国际水稻研究所培育的新株型水稻品种作为高产品种的籽粒灌浆低机理。结果表明，NPT品种缺乏顶端优势，同化物在每穗中的分配较为均匀。分析了大豆总状花序上部花荚脱落的机理。这表明在总状花序底部产生的类吲哚乙酸类植物激素是导致角果倒伏的原因。4.与不耐盐品种相比，耐盐品种对源器官Rubisco形成的抑制作用不是很大。此外，在耐盐水稻品种中，Na2+对钾离子吸收的竞争性抑制作用较不耐盐水稻品种小。5.推测耐酸土壤水稻品种在向叶片运输铝离子方面存在障碍。这可能使耐酸性土壤水稻品种叶片的光合作用维持在较高水平。