Development of easy system using molecular markers for identification of germplasm in forage crops.

开发使用分子标记的简单系统来鉴定饲料作物的种质。

• 批准号: 04556039
• 负责人: SHIMAMOTO Yoshiya
• 金额: $ 11.26万
• 依托单位: Hokkaido University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1992 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04556039/
• 关键词: Forage crops; Molecular markers; Discrimination; Perennial ryegrass; Forage corn; Fodder beet; RAPD; Isozyme; 培養細胞; 飼料テンサイ; 多様制; トウモロコシ; アカクローバ; PCR法; RFLP; 耐寒性

In forage crops it is very difficult to distinguish genetically among various germplasms including ecotypes, landraces and breeding lines, because their outbreeding propagation habit and special method for improvement might cause to include a wide genetic variation between and within the germplasms. Application of molecular markers may be a promising method for evaluation and discrimination of genetic resources in forage crops.Some techniques for nuclear genome molecular markers were used to analyze for discrimination of germplasm. Fodder beet landraces could be distinguished by 14 alleles of isozyme loci. RAPD by PCR of a few random primers with ten base pair could identify each inbred line of the forage corn. A method for anther culture line remains open.There are many cases that a germplasm can not be characterized by nuclear genome molecular markers. Compared with nuclear genome, organelle genome may be stable and convenient to group the germplasms in accordance with their phylogenetic relation. RFLP by 3 restricted enzymes and 6 mitochondria gene probes could classified the perennial ryegrass cultivars into three types, which are phylogenetically close to each other, and other ones. Most of the cultivars belonged equally to the three types. Mitochondria genome polymorphism within-cultivar was observed in some perennial ryegrass, though it may be a rare phenomenon.In forage crops Development of the easy system using molecular markers made the evaluation and classification of the germplasms and will promote to raise a new cultivar.

在饲用作物中，生态型、地方品种和育种系等不同种质之间的遗传区分是非常困难的，因为它们的近交繁殖习性和特殊的改良方法可能导致种质之间和种质内存在广泛的遗传变异。分子标记的应用为牧草遗传资源的评价和鉴定提供了一种很有前途的方法。利用14个同工酶座位的等位基因可区分饲用甜菜地方品种。用10个碱基对的几对随机引物进行随机扩增，可以对饲用玉米自交系进行鉴定。一种用于花药培养的方法仍然是开放的。在许多情况下，一个种质不能用核基因组分子标记来鉴定。与核基因组相比，细胞器基因组可能更稳定，并便于根据种质的系统发育关系对种质进行分类。用3种限制性内切酶和6种线粒体基因探针进行RFLP分析，可以将多年生黑麦草品种分为三种类型，一种是亲缘关系较近的类型，另一类是其他类型。大部分品种均属于这三种类型。在一些多年生黑麦草中观察到了线粒体基因组在品种内的多态现象，但这可能是一种罕见的现象。在饲料作物中，利用分子标记建立Easy系统对种质资源进行评价和分类，将促进新品种的培育。