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Development of Integrated Molecular-Ecology System Assisting Adaptive and Harmonic Improvement in Forage Crops for Pasture.

开发综合分子生态系统，协助牧草作物的适应性和和谐改良。

基本信息

批准号：
07556144
负责人：
SHIMAMOTO Yoshiya
金额：
$ 4.67万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Development of integrated evaluation system for low-input and high sustainable pasture production system through linking ecological functions to molecular genetic infornmation. The following three research projects were performed by the grant for the three years (1995-1997) : (1) Molecular genetic studies of cold tolerance in perennial ryegrass, (2) Application of molecular markers to herbage breeding programs and(3)Physiological mechanisms of adaptive strategy in pasture species. The following results were obtained :(1) Genetic difference in cold tolerance between cultivars of perennial ryegrass was examined in relation to chemical components of fatty acids in leaves. (2) Cloning and sequencing of the twenty genes express after cold stress were carried out and functions of these genes were estimated by homology test with genomic libraries. (3) Useful polymorphism of isozyme loci and RAPD markers were indentified to establish the link between genetic information and ecological functions. (4) Analysis of isozyme and RAPD markers showed that ecotypes and cultivars in Japan tended to have lower genetic diversity than Europe populations. (5) Evaluation of cultivarietal differences in water stress tolerance in perennial ryegrass showed that diploid cultivars had more rapid water loss and higher drought tolerance of cells than tetraploid cultivars. (6) There was a positive correlation between drought tolerance and cold tolerance, which suggest similar underlying physiological mechanism responsible for the two tolerances. (7) There was a negative correlation between relative competitive ability and stress tolerance to drought and low temperature, which suggest a trade-off between tolerance to physical stress and growth response to resources.These findings seem to contribute to develop integrated system for evaluation of genotypes in a herbage breeding project which establish low-input and high sustainable pasture production system in Japan.

将生态功能与分子遗传信息相结合建立低投入高持续性牧草生产系统综合评价体系。1995-1997年，利用该基金开展了以下三个研究项目：（1）多年生黑麦草耐寒性的分子遗传学研究;（2）分子标记在牧草育种中的应用;（3）牧草适应策略的生理机制。结果表明：（1）多年生黑麦草品种间的耐寒性遗传差异与叶片脂肪酸组成的关系。(2)对低温胁迫后表达的20个基因进行了克隆和测序，并与基因组文库进行同源性分析。(3)通过对同工酶位点多态性的分析和RAPD标记的筛选，建立了遗传信息与生态功能之间的联系。(4)同工酶和RAPD标记分析表明，日本的生态型和品种的遗传多样性往往低于欧洲群体。(5)对多年生黑麦草品种间水分胁迫耐性差异的研究表明，二倍体品种比四倍体品种失水快，细胞耐旱性强。(6)耐旱性和耐冷性之间存在正相关关系，表明这两种耐受性具有相似的生理机制。(7)相对竞争力与对干旱和低温胁迫的耐受性呈负相关，表明对物理胁迫的耐受性与对资源的生长反应之间存在权衡关系。这些发现有助于在日本建立低投入、高持续性的牧草生产系统的育种项目中建立基因型综合评价系统。