Irrigation Management in Arid Area and Development of New Method for Improvement of the Environment : A Case Study of the Aral Sea Basin

由于过度抽取水用于灌溉，咸海及其周边地区的环境和相关生态系统受到不利影响。农业的可持续发展和生态环境的保护已成为人们关注的焦点。为了改善灌溉系统的管理及其绩效，不仅要修复和改善相关基础设施，而且要改善管理做法和机构设置。在该地区，必须改变和多样化生产结构，从前苏联支持的棉花和水稻生产结构转变为符合实际粮食需求的生产结构。在建立合理的种植模式时，不应忽视水稻种植在盐分淋洗方面的作用。对灌溉用水的经济效益也要进行充分分析。关于该地区的环境保护，需要分析在干旱的下三角洲地区建设人工水体的地方倡议。为了支持这些水体的稳定供水，需要在上游灌溉区进一步有效利用和节约用水。

Due to excessive withdrawal of water for irrigation purpose, the environment and related eco-system of the Aral Sea and its surrounding areas have been adversely affected. The sustainable development of agriculture and conservation of the environments as well as the eco-system of the region became the focus of our concern.The present condition of the irrigation system and its management have been analyzed. For the improvement of irrigation system management and its performance, not only the rehabilitation and improvement of related infrastructures but also the improvement in management practices and institutional setup will be important.In the region, it is necessary to transform and diversify the production structure from the former-Soviet supported cotton and paddy to one which corresponds to the actual food demand. In establishing proper cropping pattern, the functions of paddy cultivation in terms of salt leaching should not be overlooked. Economy abd benefits of water use for irrigation should also be fully analyzed. With regard to the conservation of environment in the region, local initiatives of constructing artificial water bodies in the dried lower delta areas need to be analyzed. To support the stable supply of water to these water bodies, further efficient use and saving water in the upper irrigated areas are required.