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Study on Water Management against Salt Damages in Arid Areas

干旱地区盐害水管理研究

基本信息

批准号：
10045065
负责人：
TSUTSUI Hikaru
金额：
$ 4.03万
依托单位：
Kinki University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10045065/
关键词：
Arid areas Water management Salt damages Salt accumulation Leaching Farmers organization drainage Evaporation pond 水配分乾燥地域

项目摘要

Through the investigation of three years, the approach and guidelines of managing resources in arid areas were identified. The management of water and land resources in arid areas depends largely on natural and socio-economic conditions of the local area. By the introduction of irrigation in arid areas, productive agriculture can be performed for a certain period of time. However, without appropriate and efficient management of land and water resources, the ground water level gradually increases, which in turn leads to the accumulation of salts on the land surface and the degradation of land, hampering the sustainable agricultural production. Furthermore, in arid areas water resource is the major production limiting factor, and excessive lowering of ground water level could increase water requirement and irrigation water needs. Therefore, the control of the ground water level at certain range is very important in arid areas, maintaining the delicate balance between the ground water level/water needs and salt accumulation.In addition to the ground water level, the study made clear that salt damages are subject to minor differences of on-farm level conditions such as the adoption of appropriate plowing method, irrigation management and increased use of organic matter, which improves the soil structure.Through the investigation of detailed parameters important for agricultural production in arid areas, and the analyses of groundwater level and water management as well as cultural practices of on-farm level (plowing, organic matter application, etc) the mechanism of salt accumulation process was identified. Case studies of California agriculture under arid conditions suggest that the rehabilitation of salinized land and sustainable agricultural production can be realized through the appropriate management of water (irrigation and drainage) and land (cultivation practices) resources.

通过三年的调查，确定了干旱区资源管理的方法和指导方针。干旱地区的水资源和土地资源管理在很大程度上取决于当地的自然和社会经济条件。通过在干旱地区引进灌溉，可以在一段时间内进行生产性农业生产。然而，如果不对土地和水资源进行适当和有效的管理，地下水位就会逐渐上升，从而导致地表盐的积累和土地的退化，阻碍农业的可持续生产。此外，在干旱地区，水资源是主要的生产限制因素，地下水位的过度降低会增加需水量和灌溉用水需求。因此，在干旱区将地下水位控制在一定范围内，保持地下水位/需水量与盐分积累之间的微妙平衡是非常重要的。除地下水位外，研究还表明，盐渍化损害受农田水平条件的微小差异的影响，如采用适当的耕作方法、灌溉管理和增加有机质的使用，从而改善土壤结构。通过对干旱区农业生产重要参数的详细调查，以及对地下水位、水资源管理和农作水平（耕作、施用有机质等）的分析，确定了盐渍化过程的机理。加州农业在干旱条件下的案例研究表明，盐碱化土地的恢复和可持续农业生产可以通过适当的水（灌溉和排水）和土地（耕作方式）资源管理来实现。