Study on the Agricultural Water Management for the Promotion of Sustaiable Agricuture in Arid Area

通过三年的调查，确定了干旱区农业用水管理的途径和指导思想。本研究的目标国哈萨克斯坦、巴基斯坦和埃及在自然资源条件方面具有相似性，但在生产力和灌溉农业的可持续性方面存在很大差异，主要原因是由于农业用地的盐分积累和水涝造成的土地退化。通过在干旱地区引进灌溉，农业生产可以在一定时期内进行。因此，如果不对水进行适当和有效的管理，地下水位会逐渐上升，这反过来又会导致盐分在地表积累，阻碍可持续农业生产。然而，在干旱地区，水资源是主要的生产限制因素，地下水位的过度下降会增加水资源， ...更多信息 因此，在干旱地区，控制地下水位在一定范围内，保持地下水位/需水量与盐分积累之间的微妙平衡是非常重要的。因此，实现干旱区农业可持续发展必须具备以下条件：（1）合理、均衡地分配水资源;（B）合理控制地下水;（3）建立水资源管理组织;（4）采用适宜的种植模式。通过改善管理设施和基础设施、提供培训和推广必要的专门知识和技术，可以满足这些要求。关于遥感技术在盐分积累分析中的应用，遥感识别盐分积累区是可能的。但需分析盐分积累的程度及其与供水排水条件的关系，建立实用模型，才能找到有效的解决办法。有必要为此目的进行现场调查。需要进行更详细的研究，包括现场调查，以制定切实可行的指导方针，反映自然和社会经济条件的区域差异。少

Through the investigation of three years, the approach and guidelines of managing agricultural water in arid areas were identified. The target countries of this study, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, and Egypt, have similarities in natural resources conditions, however, there are wide differences in productivity as well as sustainability of irrigated agriculture among these countries.Major reasons for these differences arise from the degradation of land due to salt accumulation and water-logging in agricultural land. By the introduction of irrigation in arid areas, productive agriculture can be performed for a certain period of tine. Thus, without appropriate and efficient management of water, the ground water level gradually increases, which in turn leads to the accumulation of salts on the land surface, hampering the sustainable agricultural production. However, in arid areas water resource is the major production limiting factor, and excessive lowering of ground water level could increase wat … More er requirement and irrigation water needs.Therefore, the control of the ground water level at certain range is very important in arid areas, maintaining the delicate balance between the ground water level/water needs and salt accutnutation. Thus to realize sustainable agriculture in arid areas following conditions should be met : a) proper and equal distribution of water ; b) control of ground water at an appropriate level ; c) establishment of water management organization ; and d) adoption of appropriate cropping pattern. Meeting these requirements can be achieved by improving management facilities and infrastructures, and providing training and extension of necessary know-how and technologies. With regard to the application of remote sensing technology for the analysis of salt accumulation, it is possible to identify salt accumulated areas by remote sensing. But the extent of salt accumulation and the relationship with water supply or drainage condition need to be analyzed to establish practical models to find useful solution. Itis necessary to carry out on-site investigations for that purpose. More detailed studies including on-site investigation would be necessaryilo establish practical guidelines, reffecting regional differences in natural as well as socio-ecomomic conditions. Less