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INTRODUCTION AND MECHANIZATION OF MULCHING CULTIVATION SYSTEM BY USING POLYETHELENE FILM FOR EARLY-SEASON CULTURE RICE

早稻聚乙烯薄膜覆盖栽培系统的引进及机械化

基本信息

批准号：
05556044
负责人：
NAGATA Masateru
金额：
$ 5.89万
依托单位：
MIYAZAKI UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

(1) This research was carried on the mulching cultivation system by using polythylene film for going ahead of maturating time in early-season cultivation rice. According to the results of a measuring a soil temperature by the thermo-couple, the temperature of the mulching plot at the depth of 3cm was about 1.5ﾟC higher comparing with the non-mulching plot even in the night time. The results were effective for growing rice-seedlings early.(2) The rice transplanter for mulcting system was developed by our design for the mechanization on early-season culture rice. The testing machine was made by YANMAR NOKI Co.. The machine had a knife for cutting a polyethylene film set to transplanting mechanism of a rotary type. This knife is very important for cutting a film. Because rice seedlings were planted into a cutting place (hole) on a film cut by this knife. The performance of the transplanter was 91% on the field test. The cause of the missing of about 9% could not cut a polyethylene film by a quality of the test field surface and a mechanism of a knife. If these condition changed to a good, the missing will reduce more.(3) The temperature of field and rice were analyzed by the thermography for estimating a rise of a temperature of soil and rice, and an effect to an envaironment in a field. The field was keeping a high temperature in the night time. The temperature of soil covered by a film recognized to increased during the day by a sun-shine, and to decreased during the night. But the temperature of rice was fixed nearly in the day time and the night time.It was found out that rice planting could be done in the early season by the mulching cultivation system by using polyethylene film.

(1)本研究采用地膜覆盖栽培技术，对早稻进行了提早成熟的研究。用热电偶测量土壤温度的结果表明，即使在夜间，覆盖区3cm深度的土壤温度也比不覆盖区高1.5 ℃左右。试验结果对水稻早育秧有较好的效果。(2)针对早稻机械化插秧的需要，设计了覆膜插秧机。试验机由YANMAR NOKI Co.制造。该机器具有用于切割聚乙烯膜的刀，该刀设置在旋转型的移植机构上。这把刀对剪胶片很重要。因为稻苗被种植在用这把刀切割的薄膜上的切割位置（孔）中。田间试验表明，该移栽机的移栽性能达到91%。约9%的缺失的原因是由于测试场表面的质量和刀的机制而无法切割聚乙烯膜。如果这些条件变好了，思念会减少得更多。(3)本文用热像法分析了农田和水稻的温度，以估计土壤和水稻温度的升高，以及对农田环境的影响。夜里，田野里一直保持着高温。被薄膜覆盖的土壤的温度在白天因阳光照射而升高，而在夜间降低。但水稻的温度在白天和夜间几乎是固定的，发现采用聚乙烯薄膜覆盖栽培系统可以在早季进行水稻种植。