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REGENERATION OF AGRO-FOREST-ECOSYSTEMS IN SUBSAHARAN AFRICA

撒哈拉以南非洲农林生态系统的再生

基本信息

批准号：
05041041
负责人：
HIROSE Shohei
金额：
$ 13.44万
依托单位：
NIHON UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05041041/
关键词：
Guimea Savanna Degradation of Vegetation Annual Rings of Savanna Trees Nupe people Indigenous Farming Sawah Based Farming African Based RICE FARMING Lowland Soils Agroforestry アジア型水田ガーナ技術導入氾濫原内陸小集水域西アフリカ農林生態系農村集落ア

项目摘要

Introduction : It seems very promising to solve food and environmental crisis in West Africa by breeding of Asian lowland paddy, Sawah, based rice farming with the indigenous farming systems of tropical Africa. In this report, Nupe's indigenous rice farming systems were characterized to find ways for long-term sustainable farming systems through crossing the cultures between tropical Asia and Africa.Materials and Methods : A typical Nupe village, Gadza was selected for intensive survey. The village is located the middle of the Nyenkpata river watershed, Niger State, Central Nigeria, West Africa. Major ethnic groups are Nupe rice-based farmers and Fulani cattle nomad. Ethnopedological surveys were done during August to December in 1994 and June to November in 1995. Information on soil, toposequense, classifications and land use in Nupe language were collected from local farmers, and Nupe's lowland farming systems were characterized in detail.Results and Discussion : Nupe's upland farmin … More g is characterized by bush fallow intercropping systems with cereals, such as sorghum, millet and maize, and vegetables, as groundnuts, okra, onion, spinach, sweetpotato and cowpea. In Lowland, during rainy season, farmers crop rice and produce vegetables during dry season, forming many types of ridges and mounds. Seven forms of land preparation were observed in the low land. These are ; Togoko kuru, Togogi kuru, Togoko naafena, Togogi naafena, Ewoko, Baragi and Gbaragi (Fig.1). The differentiation of the forms seem to relate to micro-toposequence and water regime. Before planting dry season crops, Nupe farmers make mounds, ridges or both of them, and then after harvesting they break them down and spread the soils as preparation for rice cropping in rainy season.Each form is seasonally modified with each pattern depending on rice and weed growth, water condition and crop varieties (Fig.2).It is also a labor saving method during the peak farming seasons. The dates of operation are changed according to each form. Moving the soil seems to have effects on controlling weeds, improving the soil nutritional and physical characters and conserving the soil and water conditions.Nupe have detail classifications on soil and land relief. They also recognize that soil tyoes are different along the toposequence. Their evaluation of soils seem to closely relate to clay contents. Nupe have advanced skills in lowland rice farming systems. Their indigenous rice based farming systems are most advanced and adaptable soil management systems to the ecological environment such as sandy and low nutrition soil, and variable rainfall in Guinea Savanna zone of West Africa. Less

简介：利用热带非洲的本土农业系统培育亚洲低地水稻，Sawah，似乎很有希望解决西非的粮食和环境危机。在这份报告中，Numbers的土著水稻种植系统的特点，寻找长期可持续的农业系统，通过跨越热带亚洲和African.Materials和方法之间的文化的方式：一个典型的Numbers村庄，Gadza被选中进行深入调查。该村庄位于Nyenkpata河流域，尼日尔州，中部尼日利亚，西非的中间。主要的民族群体是以稻米为基础的农民和富拉尼牧民。1994年8月至12月和1995年6月至11月进行了民族土壤学调查。从当地农民那里收集了有关土壤、地形序列、分类和土地利用的信息，并详细描述了若虫的低地耕作系统。 ...更多信息 g的特点是灌木休闲间作系统，与谷物，如高粱，小米和玉米，和蔬菜，如花生，秋葵，洋葱，菠菜，甘薯和豇豆。在低地，在雨季，农民种植水稻，在旱季生产蔬菜，形成许多类型的山脊和土丘。在低地观察到七种整地形式。它们是：Togoko kuru、Togogogi kuru、Togoko naafena、Togogogi naafena、Ewoko、Baragi和Gbaragi（图1）。这些类型的分异与微地形序列和水分状况有关。在种植旱季作物之前，种植若虫的农民会在土壤中筑土丘、起垄或两者兼而有之，然后在收获后将土墩、起垄或两者同时进行，然后将土墩、起垄或两者同时进行，并在雨季将其分解并铺成土壤，为种植水稻做准备。每种形式都根据水稻和杂草的生长、水分条件和作物品种进行季节性调整。在农忙季节，这也是一种节省劳动力的方法。操作日期根据每个表格而变化。移土对控制杂草、改善土壤营养和物理性状、保持水土有重要作用。他们还认识到，土壤类型是不同的沿着地形序列。他们对土壤的评价似乎与粘粒含量密切相关。若虫在低地水稻种植系统中有先进的技能。他们的本土水稻种植系统是最先进的和适应生态环境的土壤管理系统，如桑迪和低营养土壤，以及西非几内亚草原区多变的降雨量。少