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Effect of radiation for human health by Chernobyl accident

切尔诺贝利事故辐射对人体健康的影响

基本信息

批准号：
05041114
负责人：
IMAMURA Nobutaka
金额：
$ 1.92万
依托单位：
Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear reactor was an unprecedented disaster that has put the health of millions of people at risk. Radiation is a mutagen and like other mutagens, may exert its therapeutic effect on tumors in part through deficient repair of tumor-cell DNA.As a mutagen it has been associated with an increased risk of a wide variety of malignancies ranging from brain tumors to skin tumors and sarcomas. The best documented radiation-induced malignancy is leukemia. Exposure to radiation is a known cause of the leukemia, and children are especially sensitive. Among 2.3 million inhabitants of the Republic of Belarus, 400,000 of them were children aged 0-14 years. It has been estimated that many received doses in the range 50-60 millisieverts.No appreciable change in the incidence of acute childhood leukemia in Belarus is found between the pre-Chernobyl period (40.7 per million) and the subsequent period (41.3 per million). There was considerable variation on the level of ra … More dionuclide contamination in different regions of Belarus. However, even those regions with the highest levels of contamination, Gomel and Mogilev, showed no increase in the incidence of acute childhood leukemia in the later period (40 and 41, respectively). This was slightly lower than in the least contaminated area, Vitebsk (42).In contrast, among liquidators including firemen and victims participated in elimination of the radioactive substance, we found 5 cases of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and 1 case of polycythemia vera in Vitebsk region. Those AMLs were classified into 3 cases of AML,M1,1 case of AML,M0 and 1 case of AML,M6 by FAB criteria. Occurrence of AML were found in 2 cases in 1988,2 cases in 1989,1 case in 1990 and 1 case in 1991. The incidence of AML per million persons was 420 in 1988,372 in 1989,184 in 1990 and 184 in 1991 suggesting high risk of leukemia among liquidators.Further careful observation of the liquidators is essential to achieve early diagnosis of any kind of hematological disorders and should contribute substantially to the development of an effective form of therapy for their cure. Less

切尔诺贝利核反应堆的爆炸是一场史无前例的灾难，将数百万人的健康置于危险之中。辐射是一种诱变剂，与其他诱变剂一样，它可能部分通过肿瘤细胞DNA修复不足而对肿瘤发挥治疗作用。作为一种诱变剂，它与从脑瘤到皮肤肿瘤和肉瘤等各种恶性肿瘤的风险增加有关。最有文献记载的辐射诱发恶性肿瘤是白血病。暴露在辐射中是白血病的已知原因，儿童尤其敏感。在白俄罗斯共和国的230万居民中，有400 000人是0至14岁的儿童。据估计，许多人接受的剂量在50-60毫西弗之间。在切尔诺贝利之前的时期(40.7‰)和之后的时期(41.3‰)之间，白俄罗斯儿童急性白血病的发病率没有明显变化。在ra…水平上有相当大的差异。白俄罗斯不同地区出现更多的双核素污染。然而，即使是污染程度最高的戈梅尔和莫吉列夫，后期儿童急性白血病的发病率也没有增加(分别为40和41)。相比之下，在包括消防员和参与清除放射性物质的受害者在内的清算人员中，我们在维捷布斯克地区发现了5例急性髓细胞白血病(AML)和1例真性红细胞增多症。AML按FAB标准分为急性髓系白血病3例、急性髓系白血病M1、急性髓系白血病1例、急性髓系白血病1例、急性髓系白血病1例、急性髓系白血病M6。1988年发生2例，1989年2例，1990年1例，1991年1例。急性髓细胞白血病的发病率在1988年为每百万人420人，1989年为372人，1990年为184人，1991年为184人，这表明清算人患白血病的风险很高。进一步仔细观察清算人对于早期诊断任何类型的血液疾病是必不可少的，并应对开发一种有效的治疗方法来治愈这些疾病大有裨益。较少