Characteristics of Arctic Air-Ice-Ocean System

在斯瓦尔巴特群岛的新奥勒松及其周围地区对北极层云、空气中的微粒、峡湾的海洋结构、峡湾生态和雪/冰川水文学进行了观测，还利用挪威研究船对格陵兰海、巴伦支海和斯瓦尔巴特群岛水域进行了物理海洋学观测，第三年，即1995年，联合研究的重点是开展以下活动：1995年7月19日至21日在东京共同组织了北极环境研究国际专题讨论会，并邀请共同伙伴挪威极地研究所Torgny Vjnie的领导人参加讨论，在后一次讨论会上还举行了一次工作会议：通过对北极大气-冰-海洋系统的研究，发现了云结构和辐射的季节性差异，揭示了受这些因素强烈影响的融雪机制，明确了长江口河口区的水资源状况，估算了长江口河口区的淡水供应量，揭示了长江口河口区淡水向咸水转化的机制，并以各河口区的不同机制为指标，试图对斯瓦尔巴特峡湾进行分类。2在每个峡湾中发现了显著的生态现象。3在更大的尺度上也发现了不同的结构：格陵兰海与巴伦支海，在那里又有不同的生态条件。

Observation was made in and around Ny Alesund, Svalbard, on the Arctic stratus, minor particles in the air, marine structure of the fjord, ecology in the fjord and snow/glacier hydrology.Observation of physical oceanography was also made in Greenland Sea, Barents Sea and Svalbard Water using Norwegian Research Vessels.In the third year, 1995, the joint research was focused through the activities : co-organizing International Symposium on the Arctic Environment Research, Tokyo, 19-21 July 1995 and inviting the leader of the joint partner Torgny Vjnie, Norwegian Institute of Polar Research, for discussion.In the latter occasion a work shop was also held : Arctic Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean System, 18 March 1996.The seasonal difference in the cloud structure and radiation were detected through the research.The snow-melting mechanism, which is influenced strongly by these factors, was made clear and the fresh water supply to the fjord was estimated.The mechanism, how the fresh water was taken into the salty fjord water was, then unveiled.Employing the different mechanism in each fjord as an indicator, a classification of Svalbard fjords was attempted.Remarkable ecological phenomena were detected in each fjords.The different structures were also detected in larger scale : Greenland Sea vs. Barents Sea, where again different ecological conditions prevail.