Characteristics of Arctic Air-Ice-Ocean System

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Observation was made in and around Ny Alesund, Svalbard, on the Arctic stratus, minor particles in the air, marine structure of the fjord, ecology in the fjord and snow/glacier hydrology.Observation of physical oceanography was also made in Greenland Sea, Barents Sea and Svalbard Water using Norwegian Research Vessels.In the third year, 1995, the joint research was focused through the activities : co-organizing International Symposium on the Arctic Environment Research, Tokyo, 19-21 July 1995 and inviting the leader of the joint partner Torgny Vjnie, Norwegian Institute of Polar Research, for discussion.In the latter occasion a work shop was also held : Arctic Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean System, 18 March 1996.The seasonal difference in the cloud structure and radiation were detected through the research.The snow-melting mechanism, which is influenced strongly by these factors, was made clear and the fresh water supply to the fjord was estimated.The mechanism, how the fresh water was taken into the salty fjord water was, then unveiled.Employing the different mechanism in each fjord as an indicator, a classification of Svalbard fjords was attempted.Remarkable ecological phenomena were detected in each fjords.The different structures were also detected in larger scale : Greenland Sea vs. Barents Sea, where again different ecological conditions prevail.