Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant- Historical Ecology at Alluitsoq Fjord: Inuit Negotiations of World Systems Changes in Colonial-Era Greenland

食物是人类社会身份的一个关键因素，重建食物的方式（即，与粮食生产和消费有关的文化、社会和经济做法）发生了变化或持续存在，使人们能够深入了解在密集的跨文化互动和获得新的进口商品的时代，人们如何重塑自己。通过对利希特瑙前摩拉维亚使命（1774-1974年，现为Alluitsoq）的因纽特人饮食方式的调查，该项目将格陵兰岛最南端的考古学和人类学研究推向了一个新的方向，重点关注新种族身份的出现（即，民族起源）和殖民时代食物的社会政治层面。该项目将整合对文物、动物骨骼、食物中的脂肪残留、历史记录和当地居民参与的分析，以更好地了解这些相互作用。该项目是与格陵兰当地社区、格陵兰国家博物馆和档案馆、格陵兰大学、斯特林大学（苏格兰）和丹麦国家博物馆共同设计和实施的。此外，项目数据将提供给在从古代DNA研究到环境恢复等不同领域工作的其他研究人员，并适用于整个北美的因纽特人社会。最后，Alluitsoq项目建设当地能力，以减轻沿海遗产的损失，并参加世界范围内的努力，以拯救北极沿海考古遗址，对阿拉斯加沿海社区的影响。本研究将考古学和民族志学的先进方法与历史生态学的理论观点相结合，回答了两个研究问题：1）在世纪末至20世纪初，阿鲁伊索克的饮食方式是否发生了统计学意义上的变化;和2）在格陵兰殖民地重建过去的食物通道变化中，持久性是通过对持久性动物遗骸进行分析来实现的，分析时考虑到代表性物种、不同分类群的最低数量个体以及处理证据。对保存在文物和沉积物中的脂质进行气相色谱-质谱分析，揭示了非耐用或完全消耗的食物（例如，干豌豆或小麦粉）添加到Alluitsoq居民的饮食中。从后裔访谈和历史文件的民族历史数据建立一个解释性的框架，以评估是否观察到的食物模式是重新配置的因纽特人的民族身份的结果。为了将这些民族历史数据与考古结果相结合，研究人员使用扎根理论的方法对访谈和文件进行编码，确定概念类别，并评估民族分类群对历史和当今格陵兰社区的重要性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

Food is a key element in human social identities and reconstructing how foodways (i.e., the cultural, social, and economic practices related to food production and consumption) have changed or persisted offers insight into how people remake themselves in times of intensive cross-cultural interaction and access to new, imported goods. Through investigations of Inuit foodways at the former Moravian mission of Lichtenau (1774-1974, now Alluitsoq), this project moves archaeological and anthropological studies in southernmost Greenland in a new direction by focusing on the emergence of new ethnic identities (i.e., ethnogenesis) and the sociopolitical dimensions of food during the colonial era. This project will integrate analysis of artifacts, animal bones, fat residue from foods, historic records, and local resident participation to better understand these interactions. The project was designed and will be carried out in conjunction with local Greenlandic communities, the Greenland National Museum and Archives, the University of Greenland, the University of Stirling (Scotland), and the Danish National Museum. Further, project data will be made available to other researchers working in diverse fields ranging from ancient DNA studies to environmental restoration and have applicability to Inuit societies across North America. Finally, the Alluitsoq project builds local capacity to mitigate loss of coastal heritage and takes part in world-wide efforts to save coastal archaeological sites in the Arctic, with implications for Alaskan coastal communities. Advanced, well-established archaeological and ethnographic methods are integrated with the theoretical perspective of Historical Ecology to answer two research questions: 1) Do foodways exhibit statistically significant changes during the late 18th to early 20th century occupation of Alluitsoq; and 2) are foodways used to generate and perform an emergent ethnic and national Inuit identity in Colonial Greenland's Reconstructing past foodway change and persistence is achieved through an analysis of durable faunal remains that considers represented species, minimum numbers of individuals of different taxa, and processing evidence. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of lipids preserved on artifacts and in sediment deposits reveals the contribution of non-durable or completely consumed foods (e.g., dried peas or wheat flour) to the diet of Alluitsoq residents. Ethnohistoric data from descendant interviews and historic documents build an interpretive framework to assess whether the observed foodway patterns are the result of reconfigured Inuit ethnic identities. To articulate these ethnohistoric data with archaeological results, the researchers use the methods of Grounded Theory to code interviews and documents, identify conceptual categories, and assess the salience of ethnic taxa to the historic and present-day Greenlandic community.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.