Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant- Historical Ecology at Alluitsoq Fjord: Inuit Negotiations of World Systems Changes in Colonial-Era Greenland

食物是人类社会身份的一个关键因素，重建食物方式（即与食物生产和消费相关的文化、社会和经济实践）如何改变或持续存在，提供了人们如何在密集的跨文化互动和获得新的进口商品的时代重塑自我的见解。通过对前摩拉维亚Lichtenau使团（1774-1974，现Alluitsoq）的因纽特人饮食方式的调查，该项目将格陵兰岛最南端的考古和人类学研究推向了一个新的方向，重点关注新种族身份（即民族成因）的出现以及殖民时期食物的社会政治层面。该项目将综合分析文物、动物骨骼、食物脂肪残渣、历史记录和当地居民的参与，以更好地了解这些相互作用。该项目是与格陵兰当地社区、格陵兰国家博物馆和档案馆、格陵兰大学、斯特林大学（苏格兰）和丹麦国家博物馆共同设计和实施的。此外，项目数据将提供给从古代DNA研究到环境恢复等不同领域的其他研究人员，并适用于北美各地的因纽特人社会。最后，Alluitsoq项目建立了当地减轻沿海遗产损失的能力，并参与了世界范围内拯救北极沿海考古遗址的努力，对阿拉斯加沿海社区也有影响。先进、完善的考古学和民族志方法与历史生态学的理论视角相结合，回答了两个研究问题：1)在18世纪末至20世纪初阿卢索克占领期间，食物方式是否表现出统计上的显著变化；2)在格陵兰殖民时期，因纽特人的民族和民族身份被用来产生和表现，重建过去的食物方式的变化和持久性是通过分析持久的动物遗骸来实现的，这些遗骸考虑了有代表性的物种，不同分类群的最小个体数量，并处理证据。对文物和沉积物中保存的脂质进行气相色谱-质谱分析，揭示了非持久或完全消耗的食物（如干豌豆或小麦粉）对阿卢索克居民饮食的贡献。来自后裔访谈和历史文献的民族历史数据构建了一个解释性框架，以评估观察到的食物方式模式是否是因纽特人种族身份重新配置的结果。为了将这些民族历史数据与考古结果结合起来，研究人员使用扎根理论的方法对访谈和文件进行编码，确定概念类别，并评估历史上和现在格陵兰社区的民族分类群的显著性。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Food is a key element in human social identities and reconstructing how foodways (i.e., the cultural, social, and economic practices related to food production and consumption) have changed or persisted offers insight into how people remake themselves in times of intensive cross-cultural interaction and access to new, imported goods. Through investigations of Inuit foodways at the former Moravian mission of Lichtenau (1774-1974, now Alluitsoq), this project moves archaeological and anthropological studies in southernmost Greenland in a new direction by focusing on the emergence of new ethnic identities (i.e., ethnogenesis) and the sociopolitical dimensions of food during the colonial era. This project will integrate analysis of artifacts, animal bones, fat residue from foods, historic records, and local resident participation to better understand these interactions. The project was designed and will be carried out in conjunction with local Greenlandic communities, the Greenland National Museum and Archives, the University of Greenland, the University of Stirling (Scotland), and the Danish National Museum. Further, project data will be made available to other researchers working in diverse fields ranging from ancient DNA studies to environmental restoration and have applicability to Inuit societies across North America. Finally, the Alluitsoq project builds local capacity to mitigate loss of coastal heritage and takes part in world-wide efforts to save coastal archaeological sites in the Arctic, with implications for Alaskan coastal communities. Advanced, well-established archaeological and ethnographic methods are integrated with the theoretical perspective of Historical Ecology to answer two research questions: 1) Do foodways exhibit statistically significant changes during the late 18th to early 20th century occupation of Alluitsoq; and 2) are foodways used to generate and perform an emergent ethnic and national Inuit identity in Colonial Greenland's Reconstructing past foodway change and persistence is achieved through an analysis of durable faunal remains that considers represented species, minimum numbers of individuals of different taxa, and processing evidence. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of lipids preserved on artifacts and in sediment deposits reveals the contribution of non-durable or completely consumed foods (e.g., dried peas or wheat flour) to the diet of Alluitsoq residents. Ethnohistoric data from descendant interviews and historic documents build an interpretive framework to assess whether the observed foodway patterns are the result of reconfigured Inuit ethnic identities. To articulate these ethnohistoric data with archaeological results, the researchers use the methods of Grounded Theory to code interviews and documents, identify conceptual categories, and assess the salience of ethnic taxa to the historic and present-day Greenlandic community.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.