Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant- Historical Ecology at Alluitsoq Fjord: Inuit Negotiations of World Systems Changes in Colonial-Era Greenland

食物是人类社会认同的一个关键因素，重建食物方式(即与食物生产和消费有关的文化、社会和经济做法)如何改变或持续提供了洞察人们如何在跨文化密集互动和获得新的进口商品的时代重塑自己。通过对前摩拉维亚传教团利希特瑙(1774-1974，现为Alluitsoq)的因纽特人食物的调查，该项目将格陵兰最南端的考古和人类学研究推向一个新的方向，重点是新的种族特征的出现(即民族起源)和殖民时代食物的社会政治层面。该项目将整合对文物、动物骨骼、食物脂肪残留物、历史记录和当地居民参与的分析，以更好地了解这些相互作用。该项目是与格陵兰当地社区、格陵兰国家博物馆和档案馆、格陵兰大学、斯特林大学(苏格兰)和丹麦国家博物馆共同设计和实施的。此外，项目数据将提供给从事从古代DNA研究到环境恢复等不同领域的其他研究人员，并适用于北美各地的因纽特人社会。最后，Alluitsoq项目建设了当地减少沿海遗产流失的能力，并参与了世界范围内拯救北极沿海考古遗址的努力，对阿拉斯加沿海社区产生了影响。先进的、成熟的考古学和人种学方法与历史生态学的理论视角相结合，以回答两个研究问题：1)食物在18世纪末至20世纪初占领阿卢伊佐克期间是否显示出统计上的显著变化；2)食物是用来产生和执行殖民地格陵兰重建过去的因纽特人身份的食物吗？食物的变化和持久性是通过对持久的动物遗骸进行分析来实现的，该分析考虑了所代表的物种、不同分类群的最低个体数量和处理证据。对保存在人工制品和沉积物中的脂类进行的气相色谱-质谱分析表明，不耐用或完全消费的食物(例如，豌豆干或面粉)对阿卢伊佐克居民的饮食有贡献。来自后裔访谈和历史文件的民族历史数据建立了一个解释框架，以评估观察到的食物模式是否是重新配置的因纽特民族认同的结果。为了将这些民族历史数据与考古结果相结合，研究人员使用扎根理论的方法对采访和文件进行编码，确定概念类别，并评估种族分类群对历史和当今格陵兰社区的突出程度。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Food is a key element in human social identities and reconstructing how foodways (i.e., the cultural, social, and economic practices related to food production and consumption) have changed or persisted offers insight into how people remake themselves in times of intensive cross-cultural interaction and access to new, imported goods. Through investigations of Inuit foodways at the former Moravian mission of Lichtenau (1774-1974, now Alluitsoq), this project moves archaeological and anthropological studies in southernmost Greenland in a new direction by focusing on the emergence of new ethnic identities (i.e., ethnogenesis) and the sociopolitical dimensions of food during the colonial era. This project will integrate analysis of artifacts, animal bones, fat residue from foods, historic records, and local resident participation to better understand these interactions. The project was designed and will be carried out in conjunction with local Greenlandic communities, the Greenland National Museum and Archives, the University of Greenland, the University of Stirling (Scotland), and the Danish National Museum. Further, project data will be made available to other researchers working in diverse fields ranging from ancient DNA studies to environmental restoration and have applicability to Inuit societies across North America. Finally, the Alluitsoq project builds local capacity to mitigate loss of coastal heritage and takes part in world-wide efforts to save coastal archaeological sites in the Arctic, with implications for Alaskan coastal communities. Advanced, well-established archaeological and ethnographic methods are integrated with the theoretical perspective of Historical Ecology to answer two research questions: 1) Do foodways exhibit statistically significant changes during the late 18th to early 20th century occupation of Alluitsoq; and 2) are foodways used to generate and perform an emergent ethnic and national Inuit identity in Colonial Greenland's Reconstructing past foodway change and persistence is achieved through an analysis of durable faunal remains that considers represented species, minimum numbers of individuals of different taxa, and processing evidence. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of lipids preserved on artifacts and in sediment deposits reveals the contribution of non-durable or completely consumed foods (e.g., dried peas or wheat flour) to the diet of Alluitsoq residents. Ethnohistoric data from descendant interviews and historic documents build an interpretive framework to assess whether the observed foodway patterns are the result of reconfigured Inuit ethnic identities. To articulate these ethnohistoric data with archaeological results, the researchers use the methods of Grounded Theory to code interviews and documents, identify conceptual categories, and assess the salience of ethnic taxa to the historic and present-day Greenlandic community.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.