Taxonomy and ecology of pine rusts in the Far east of Russia

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Surveys of blister rust fungi were carried out in several areas of the Russian Far east (Eastern siberia) during 1992-1994 in order to clarify what and how many species are distributed in these areas and what thier alternate host plants are. Main areas of surveys and dates of visit are as follows : Sikhote-Alin Reserve, Primorsky Territory : September 7-14,1993 ; July 8-15,1994. Ussuri Reserve and Vladiostok, Primorsky Territory (Fig.1B) : July 28- August 7,1992 ; September 4-6,1993. Bolschechtsirsky Reserve, Khabarovsk Territory : August 26- September 3,1993 ; July 17,1994. Contact, Magadan Region : August 18-25, July 18-23,1994.In thses surveys, we could collect many specimens of blister rust fungi on Pinus pumila, P.koraiensis and P.sylvestris and those on alternate hosts ; Ribes fragrans, R.dikuscha, R.triste, R.mandshuricum, R.latifolium, Pedicularis resupinata, P.mandshurica, Paeonia lactiflora. Based on morphological observation of these specimens, two species of blister rust fu … More ngi, Cronartium ribicola and C.flaccidum were recognized. However, uredinial and terial stages found on Pedicularis spp. collected these areas could not be assigned definitely either to C.ribicola or C.flaccidum and need further investigation.From the results of our survey, the possible life cycle of blister rust fungi in the Russian Far East is suggested. Alternate hosts of C.flaccidum on Pinus sylvestris may be Paeonia and Pedicularis because we found Paeonia and Pedicularis infected with blister rust fungi in Ussri and Bolschechtsirsky Reserves where C.flaccidum was found frequently. We suppose that there are two types of life cycles in C.ribicola. In the first type of life cycle, host alternation may occur between Pinus koraiensis, Ribes and Pedicularis. This type of life cycle was suggested from the survey in Sikhote-Alin Reserve. The secondtype was suggested from the survey in Magadan Region. In this type of life cycle, host alternation may occur between Pinus pumila and Ribes. To confirm these life cycles further survey and inoculation experiments will be required.All specimens collected in this survey are deposited in the Mycological Herbarium, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba (TSH). Less