Historical Analysis of Personnel Policies and Labor Relations in American Industrial Companiies durinr the 1920s

这本专著分析了20世纪20年代成立特别会议委员会(SCC)的美国主要企业在人事管理和工会-管理合作方面的几次试验。这些实行福利资本主义的雇主往往在相对稳定的大企业中找到；当这一点与进步和企业主义的人事政策相结合时，他们更有可能避免工会。本文试图了解人事管理是如何发展的，并确定福利资本主义--员工代表制、“新”福利工作、就业管理--转变的历史过程。洛克菲勒利益集团于1919年创建了SCC，以协调劳资关系和人事政策。公司成员包括泽西标准公司、伯利恒钢铁公司、杜邦公司、通用电气公司、通用汽车公司、Goodyers公司、国际嘉实公司、欧文国家银行、美国橡胶公司和西屋电气公司。SCC打击工会主义的方法是相对复杂的。SCC中的公司通过与基督教青年会和AMA等组织的密切联系，推动了与工作保障相关的三个领域：资历认可、“新的”福利工作和雇员稳定计划。本研究基于不同行业的经验，并使用调查数据报告了1920年代S时期许多公司的做法。我们对SCC保守的、分散的模式下官僚雇佣做法的历史发展提供了一些实证性的思考，与美国计划的开放式活动相比较。这些关于美国工作场所的比较研究和历史分析都是粗略的想法，而不是精炼的理论，尽管我们相信它们会对在日本的美国劳动管理史学者们的这一研究有所帮助。

This monograph presents an analysis of several experiments in personnel administration and union-management cooperation of America's leading corporations founded the Special Conference Committee (SCC) that took place during the 1920's.Those employers who Carried out Welfare Capitalism tended to be found in relatively stable big business ; when this was combined with progressive and corporatist personnel policies, they stood a higher chance of avoiding unionization.the present work is an attempt to understand how personnel administration was developed and to identify the historical process by which Welfare Capitalism-employee representation, "new" welfare work, employment management-were trnsformed.The Rockefeller intersts created the SCC in 1919 to coordinate labor relations and personnel policies. The corporate members included Jersey Standard, Bethlehem Steel, DuPont, General Electric, General Motors, Goodyers, International Harvwster, Irving National Bank, U.S.Rubber, and Westinghouse. The SCC's approach to combating unionism was relatively sophisticated. Companies in the SCC promoted three areas related to job security : recognition of seniority, the "new" welfare work, and emproyment stabilization program through its close ties to organization like the YMCA and AMA.This reserch is based on the experiences of variety of industries and uses survey date to report on the practices of many firms during the 1920's. We offer some substantiative thoughts on the historical development of bureaucratic employment practices in SCC's conservative, decentralized model as compared to the open-shop drive of the American Plan. Those comparative research and historical analysis on American workplace are rough ideas rather than polished theories, althogh we believe they will prove helpful to American labor manegement history scholars in Japan of this study.