Comprehensive Study on Planning Controls in Historic Towns

日本的规划控制是基于郊区的独立住宅，因此，对于那些道路是有机的、房屋是以传统方式建造的历史城镇来说，这一套控制是不切实际的。以奈良市石原市今町为例，我们发现前通道、建筑覆盖率、窗比、防火区域的建筑材料限制的倾斜平面控制是传统城镇景观推广的主要障碍。我们提出了几种放松管制的方法，以取代历史街区的其他规定，例如街道边缘规定。我们亦对非法定守则进行广泛的调查，例如设计指引、资助及地方条例。特别是，作为规范街景的相关工具，应更多地关注美学区、风景名胜区等几个特殊的分区。我们还研究了英国、美国、德国和法国等西方国家的保护规划控制。美国的美学分区制度、英国和美国的景观保护、法国POS的融合法规等工具被认为具有适用于日本的可能性。

Japanese planning controls are based on the surburban detached houses, therefore it is not practical for the set of controls to deal with historic towns where roads are organic and houses are being built in a traditional way. Selected Imaicho, Kashihara city, Nara, as a case, we have found that slant plan e control by front passage, building coverage ratio, window ratio, and building materials restriction in fire protection zones are major obstacles for the promotion of traditional townscape.We have proposed several ways of relaxing the regulations by substituting other rules in the historic districts such as street edge regulations. We also conduct extensive surver of non-statutory codes such as design guidelines, grant-in-aid, and local ordinances. In particular, several special zonings like aesthetic zones and scenic zones should be paid more attention as relevant tools for regulating streetscape.We have also studied planning controls for conservation in Western countries such as UK,USA,Germany and France. And some tools such as aesthetic zoning system in the USA,and view protection in UK and USA and fuseaux regulations by the POS in France are considered to have possibility to be applied in Japan.