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眺望景観の保護に関する計画論的研究

风景名胜区保护规划研究

基本信息

批准号：
09450224
负责人：
NISHIMURA Yukio
金额：
$ 5.18万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We have conducted a very close comparative study on the landscape control measures in major western countries, namely UK, France, Germany, Austria, Italy, USA and Canada, including study on the actual implementation in several metropolises such as London, Paris, Vienna, Stuttgart, Rome, Boston, San Francisco, Vancouver, Montreal.We concluded that, one, in most countries, standard city planning mechanism has already prepared detail control affecting townscape and landscape, two, historic preservation is one of the main driving forth to promote design control, three, they have surveyed to compile very minute information regarding each building in the area in order to supply enough information for the design and technical advice to the residents.In recent years, design control in much wider perspective such as view protection of historic monuments surrounding mountains, and historic farmlands in the suburbs. At the same time, land use plan from the ecological and nature preservation point of view is emerging in some countries like Germany, and coordination between conventional land use plan in a planning mechanism and emerging idea of landscape based land use control becomes one of the most sensitive issues in planning.In addition to that viewpoint, greater attention is being paid on rural conservation in conjunction with urban skyline control as well as preservation of agriculture.At the same time, we have conduction interview survey to draw a clearer picture of the public participation mechanism in landscape control. The survey shows that discretional decision about the design control is highly based on the detailed planning control.Finally, landscape control measures in most countries seems to be a rather experimental stage, though the mechanism they have apply looks standardized.

我们对英国、法国、德国、奥地利、意大利、美国和加拿大等西方主要国家的景观控制措施进行了非常深入的比较研究，包括对伦敦、巴黎、维也纳、斯图加特、罗马、波士顿、弗朗西斯科、温哥华、蒙特利尔等几个大城市的实际执行情况进行了研究，得出的结论是：标准的城市规划机制已经准备好影响城镇景观和景观的细节控制，第二，历史保护是促进设计控制的主要动力之一，第三，为了给居民提供足够的设计和技术咨询，他们对该地区的每一栋建筑物进行了调查，收集了非常详细的信息。多年来，设计控制在更广泛的角度，如景观保护的历史古迹周围的山，和历史农田在郊区。与此同时，在德国等国家，从生态和自然保护的角度进行的土地利用规划正在兴起，规划机制中的传统土地利用规划与新兴的基于景观的土地利用控制理念之间的协调成为规划中最敏感的问题之一。我们更加重视乡村的保护，同时也重视城市天际线的控制和农业的保护。与此同时，我们进行了访问调查，以更清楚了解园景管理的公众参与机制。调查显示，设计控制的自由裁量权高度依赖于详细规划控制。最后，大多数国家的景观控制措施似乎仍处于试验阶段，尽管它们所采用的机制看起来很规范。