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Adjustment Responses of Crop Plants to Environmental Stress and its Strategies for Adaptation

农作物对环境胁迫的调节反应及其适应策略

基本信息

批准号：
05304012
负责人：
NAKASEKO Kimio
金额：
$ 10.05万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

For better understanding of the strategies in crop plants for adaptation to stress environments, the researchers of this group investigated the adaptative morphogenesis together with the physiological mechanisms in various stress conditions. The main results obtained were summarized as follows ; In rice plant, the germination characteristics were different in the seeds harvested in various environmental conditions, and the growth pattern of seedlings was divided into 7 types related with the tolerance to deep sowing. The low root activity caused by soluble starch application to soils declined photosynthetic rate, and the abscisic acid synthesized in top translocated into root and effected root growth. In addition, the plasticity of root system was different in cereal species under water stress conditions. In white potato, jasmonic acid playd an important role on tuberization, and the transpiration rate in a variety with small root mass greatly decreased under drought conditions when compared with a variety with large root mass. In sweet potato, starch biosynthesis was regulated by ADPGPPase. In soybean, Uniconazole-P application at initial flowering stage increased photosynthetic rate together with leaf thickness. In sorghum, heading stage was greatly delayd at long-day and high temperature conditions. In tomato, shoot growth was restricted by low root temerature, even if radiation and shoot temperature were adequate. The phloem loading of leaves in the leguminous crops decreased together with photosynthetic rate when grown under low light conditions.

为了更好地了解作物适应逆境的策略，本课题组研究了不同逆境条件下的适应性形态建成及其生理机制。主要研究结果如下：水稻种子在不同环境条件下的发芽特性不同，幼苗生长规律可分为7种类型，并与耐深播性有关。土壤施可溶性淀粉导致根系活力降低，光合速率下降，顶端合成的脱落酸向根系转运，影响根系生长。此外，在水分胁迫条件下，禾谷类植物根系的可塑性存在差异。在白色马铃薯中，茉莉酸对块茎形成起重要作用，干旱条件下小根量品种的蒸腾速率比大根量品种显著降低。甘薯淀粉合成受ADPGPPase的调控。在大豆中，烯效唑-P在初花期施用增加光合速率与叶片厚度。高粱在长日照和高温条件下，抽穗期大大推迟。在番茄中，即使辐射和地上部温度足够，低的根温也限制了地上部的生长。在弱光条件下，豆科作物叶片韧皮部含量下降，光合速率下降。