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Crop growth limitation set by low water temperature stress in rice

水稻低水温胁迫对作物生长造成限制

基本信息

批准号：
08456007
负责人：
NAKASEKO Kimio
金额：
$ 4.99万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08456007/
关键词：
Dry matter production Nitrogen accumulation Oryza sativa L.Photosynthetic rate Spikelet fertility Tolerance to cool temperature Varietal difference Yield 発育日数水温ストレス根乾物重

项目摘要

Low temperature of irrigation water can affect rice (Oryza saliva L.) growth by limiting various processes, which differ with the growth stages, but a synthetic understanding is still limited. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of low water temperature on growth, development and yield during three growth periods under field conditions. The treatment was conducted during the vegetative, the reproductive and grain-filling periods, In the temperatures range from 16 to 25ﾟC, cool water decreased grain yield most severely during the reproductive period by limiting spikelet fertility with a more than five-fold difference between cultivars at 19ﾟC, but the crop growth rate (CGR) was least damaged. The varietal difference in spikelet fertility was not associated with CGR, photosynthetic rates, and anther length. Root pruning at panicle formation and at booting also did not alter spikelet density. The largest influence on CGR occurred in the vegetative period. While leaf area and radiation interception were markedly reduced, radiation use efficiency was relatively unaffected. A cultivar with high ability of leaf expansion showed higher CGR under cool water temperatures. The effect on the photosynthetic rates was relatively small (5-15 %) when averaged over the treatment period, but the response to the water temperature changed substantially during the treatment for the vegetative and the reproductive growth periods, with a large reduction in the first half and the recovery in the second half. These changes were largely attributable to the response of the stomatal conductance to the water temperature, possibly via changes in the water status of the plants. Cool water also reduced crop N accumulation by limiting both N accumulation per unit biomass increase and leaf area production per unit N increase, but the latter had the comparative importance in CGR reduction due to low water temperatures.

灌溉水低温对水稻生长发育有一定的影响。通过限制不同的过程，这与生长阶段不同的增长，但综合的理解仍然是有限的。本研究的目的是确定在田间条件下，低水温对生长，发育和产量的影响，在三个生育期。在16 ~ 25 ℃温度范围内，冷水处理在生殖生长期对籽粒产量的影响最大，在19 ℃时，品种间小穗育性差异达5倍以上，但对作物生长速率（CGR）的影响最小。小穗育性的品种差异与CGR、光合速率和花药长度无关。穗形成期和孕穗期剪根也不影响小穗密度。对CGR的影响最大发生在营养生长期。虽然叶面积和辐射拦截显着减少，辐射利用效率相对不受影响。叶片展开能力强的品种在低温条件下表现出较高的CGR。在整个处理期间平均时，对光合速率的影响相对较小（5- 15%），但在营养生长期和生殖生长期的处理期间，对水温的反应发生了实质性变化，前半期大幅降低，后半期恢复。这些变化在很大程度上归因于气孔导度对水温的响应，可能是通过植物水分状况的变化。冷水也减少了作物的氮积累，限制每单位生物量增加的氮积累和每单位氮增加的叶面积生产，但后者有相对重要的CGR减少，由于低水温。