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A Detailed Instrumental Survey of Gandhara Buddhist Temples.

犍陀罗佛教寺庙详细的乐器调查。

基本信息

批准号：
06041054
负责人：
KUWAYAMA Shoshin
金额：
$ 11.33万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Main field work for this season were carried out throughout the Buddhist remains in Taxila, Pakistan, from the last ten days of November and the first week of December, while several Indic cave temples around Bombay, Aurangabad, Lunawala were object of minor investigations which were made in the last two weeks of November. The following is the main results of the season :1. The masonry of the extant circular plinth of the Main Stupa, Dharmarajika, is a later type of the diaper, not the semi-ashlar as Marshall thinks.2. The staircases do not appear to have been built at the same time as the plinth, but belong to a later modification which took place in the 8th-10th centuries Taxila area.3. Marshall's hypothesis for the change of masonries in Taxila from the random rubble through diaper to the semi-ashlar is proved. Yet it does not seem feasible to distinguish a transitional type from others, particularly in case of later diaper and early semi-ashlar.4. Necessary is reevaluation of the masonries in Taxila in order to escape such difficulties. For any further indoor work each masonry with which each shrine and small stupa are faced were photographed with detailed descriptions.5. Marshall's chronology, abolute or comparative, for Monasteries G,H,and J is now quite doubtful particularly when many baked bricks are found to have been used on the walls of Rooms Ga-Gd which Marshall thinks as the southern parts of Monastery G,the earliest among these monasteries. Use of baked bricks undoubtedly indicate a general posterity of the site.6. Throughout the Taxila Buddhist precincts including those in the Second Stratum of the Sirkap city, the cross-sections of base moldings were drawn with precise measurements to make a corpus which facilitates not only to supplement the reevaluation of the masonries but also to arrange each temple architecture in chronological order.

这个季节的主要实地工作是从11月的最后十天到12月的第一周在巴基斯坦塔克西拉的整个佛教遗址进行的，而孟买、奥兰加巴德、卢纳瓦拉周围的几个印度洞穴寺庙是11月最后两周进行的小型调查的对象。以下是本赛季的主要成绩：现存的达摩吉塔圆形底座的砖石结构是一种后期的砖石结构，而不是马歇尔认为的半砖石结构。楼梯似乎不是与基座同时建造的，而是属于后来在8 -10世纪塔克西拉地区进行的修改。证明了马歇尔关于塔克西拉石匠从随意的碎石穿过纸屑到半石柱的变化的假设。然而，将过渡性类型与其他类型区分开来似乎是不可行的，特别是在尿布后期和半尿布早期的情况下。为了避免这种困难，有必要对塔克西拉的砖石进行重新评估。对于任何进一步的室内工作，每个神社和小佛塔所面对的每个砖石都被拍摄下来并进行了详细的描述。马歇尔关于G、H和J修道院的年代，无论是绝对的还是比较的，现在都很值得怀疑，特别是当发现Ga-Gd房间的墙壁上使用了许多烧砖时，马歇尔认为这是G修道院的南部，是这些修道院中最早的。使用烧砖无疑表明了该遗址的普遍后人。在整个塔克西拉佛教地区，包括锡尔卡普市的第二层，基础模具的横截面是通过精确的测量绘制的，这不仅有助于对砖石的重新评估，而且有助于按时间顺序排列每个寺庙建筑。