A Detailed Instrumental Survey of Gandhara Buddhist Temples.

这个季节的主要实地工作是在巴基斯坦塔克西拉的佛教遗迹中进行的，从11月的最后十天到12月的第一周，而孟买，Aurangabad，Lunawala周围的几个印度洞穴寺庙是11月最后两周进行的小调查的对象。以下是本赛季的主要成绩：1。现存的大佛塔的圆形基座的砖石结构，是后来的尿布类型，而不是马歇尔认为的半琢石。楼梯似乎不是与基座同时建造的，而是属于8 - 10世纪塔克西拉地区的后期修改。3.证明了马歇尔关于塔克西拉石砌体由毛石经尿布变为半琢石的假说。然而，这似乎是不可行的区分过渡类型从其他人，特别是在案件后尿布和早期半石。必要的是重新评估的石匠在塔克西拉，以逃避这种困难。对于任何进一步的室内工作，每一个石砌与每个神社和小佛塔面临的详细照片。5.马歇尔的年表，abolute或比较，为修道院G，H，和J现在是相当令人怀疑的，特别是当许多烤砖被发现已被用于墙壁上的房间加-GD其中马歇尔认为是南部地区的修道院G，最早的这些修道院。使用烤砖无疑表明一般后人的网站。6.在整个塔克西拉佛教区，包括锡尔卡普市第二层的佛教区，基础线脚的横截面都是经过精确测量绘制的，以制作一个语料库，不仅有助于补充对砖石建筑的重新评估，而且有助于按时间顺序排列每个寺庙的建筑。

Main field work for this season were carried out throughout the Buddhist remains in Taxila, Pakistan, from the last ten days of November and the first week of December, while several Indic cave temples around Bombay, Aurangabad, Lunawala were object of minor investigations which were made in the last two weeks of November. The following is the main results of the season :1. The masonry of the extant circular plinth of the Main Stupa, Dharmarajika, is a later type of the diaper, not the semi-ashlar as Marshall thinks.2. The staircases do not appear to have been built at the same time as the plinth, but belong to a later modification which took place in the 8th-10th centuries Taxila area.3. Marshall's hypothesis for the change of masonries in Taxila from the random rubble through diaper to the semi-ashlar is proved. Yet it does not seem feasible to distinguish a transitional type from others, particularly in case of later diaper and early semi-ashlar.4. Necessary is reevaluation of the masonries in Taxila in order to escape such difficulties. For any further indoor work each masonry with which each shrine and small stupa are faced were photographed with detailed descriptions.5. Marshall's chronology, abolute or comparative, for Monasteries G,H,and J is now quite doubtful particularly when many baked bricks are found to have been used on the walls of Rooms Ga-Gd which Marshall thinks as the southern parts of Monastery G,the earliest among these monasteries. Use of baked bricks undoubtedly indicate a general posterity of the site.6. Throughout the Taxila Buddhist precincts including those in the Second Stratum of the Sirkap city, the cross-sections of base moldings were drawn with precise measurements to make a corpus which facilitates not only to supplement the reevaluation of the masonries but also to arrange each temple architecture in chronological order.