Trade of Forest Products and Policy of Environment

林产品贸易与环境政策

基本信息

批准号：
06041059
负责人：
MURASHIMA Yoshinao
金额：
$ 9.86万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Even in the forestry sector as well, internationalization of capital activities are common today. Trade of forest products has been increasing year by year, and interaction between three major regions, Pacific Rim, North America, and Europe is expanding rapidly with involving other countries such as Brazil, Chili, Malaysia, and Indonesia. In many exporting countries, timber production is shifing from old growth forest to second growth forests, and environmental awareness is becoming more and more popular.In this project, we have two objectives. One is to analyze the process of reorganization of forest industry in US during 1980s, and to clarify its direct and indirect impacts to Japanese forestry and forest industry. The other is to study how big forest companies manage their forest in the upheaving environmental movement in the world, especially tropics. New Zealand is one of the good examples of successful management of harmonizing environmentalism and production oriented policy.We a … More chieved two main results as follows :1. Wood Giants are getting stronger power in forest sector in US.The situation today seems like oligopolistic competition. World top three Wood Giants, International Paper, Georgia Pacific, and Weyerhaeuser, are original US company. They have gross sales of more than ten billion dollars each year, and it is increasing 10 to 20% annually. They accomplished such big rate of expansion mainly by M & A,and made strong economic body with vertical and horizontal integration. This movement caused the same kind of integration of forest industries in both Europe and Japan.2. Environmental movement has certain big power today. Especially in US,National Forest System experienced a big change of management policy. They set their first objective of managing forest in keeping healthy ecosystem, rather than timber production. It is of course pretty new in forestry, and is interesting to trace the controversy around such an ecology oriented forest policy for considering public forest issues in other parts of the world. Less

即使在林业领域，资本活动的国际化也很普遍。森林产品的贸易逐年增加，三个主要地区，太平洋，北美和欧洲之间的相互作用正在迅速扩展，涉及巴西，辣椒，马来西亚和印度尼西亚等其他国家。在许多出口国，木材生产从旧的增长森林转变为第二个增长森林，环境意识越来越受欢迎。在这个项目中，我们有两个目标。一种是分析1980年代美国森林工业的重组过程，并澄清其对日本林业和森林行业的直接和间接影响。另一个是研究大型森林公司如何在世界上令人振奋的环境运动中，尤其是热带地区的环境运动中管理森林。新西兰是成功管理环境主义和面向生产政策的成功管理的一个很好的例子。木巨人在我们的森林部门变得越来越强大。如今的情况似乎是寡头的竞争。世界排名前三的木巨人，国际纸，佐治亚太平洋和韦尔海森是美国原始公司。他们每年的总销售额超过1000亿美元，尤其是10％到20％。他们主要是通过并购实现了如此巨大的扩张率，并通过垂直和横向融合使强大的经济机构实现了强大的经济体。在欧洲和日本，这一运动引起了森林工业的同样融合。2。当今环境运动具有一定的强大力量。尤其是在美国，国家森林系统经历了管理政策的巨大变化。他们设定了管理森林以保持健康生态系统而不是木材生产的第一个目标。当然，这在林业中是非常新的，有趣的是，围绕这种面向生态的森林政策的争议，以考虑世界其他地区的公共森林问题。较少的