权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Trade of Forest Products and Policy of Environment

林产品贸易与环境政策

基本信息

批准号：
06041059
负责人：
MURASHIMA Yoshinao
金额：
$ 9.86万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Even in the forestry sector as well, internationalization of capital activities are common today. Trade of forest products has been increasing year by year, and interaction between three major regions, Pacific Rim, North America, and Europe is expanding rapidly with involving other countries such as Brazil, Chili, Malaysia, and Indonesia. In many exporting countries, timber production is shifing from old growth forest to second growth forests, and environmental awareness is becoming more and more popular.In this project, we have two objectives. One is to analyze the process of reorganization of forest industry in US during 1980s, and to clarify its direct and indirect impacts to Japanese forestry and forest industry. The other is to study how big forest companies manage their forest in the upheaving environmental movement in the world, especially tropics. New Zealand is one of the good examples of successful management of harmonizing environmentalism and production oriented policy.We a … More chieved two main results as follows :1. Wood Giants are getting stronger power in forest sector in US.The situation today seems like oligopolistic competition. World top three Wood Giants, International Paper, Georgia Pacific, and Weyerhaeuser, are original US company. They have gross sales of more than ten billion dollars each year, and it is increasing 10 to 20% annually. They accomplished such big rate of expansion mainly by M & A,and made strong economic body with vertical and horizontal integration. This movement caused the same kind of integration of forest industries in both Europe and Japan.2. Environmental movement has certain big power today. Especially in US,National Forest System experienced a big change of management policy. They set their first objective of managing forest in keeping healthy ecosystem, rather than timber production. It is of course pretty new in forestry, and is interesting to trace the controversy around such an ecology oriented forest policy for considering public forest issues in other parts of the world. Less

即使在林业部门，资本活动的国际化今天也很普遍。林产品贸易逐年增长，环太平洋、北美、欧洲三大区域的互动迅速扩大，巴西、智利、马来西亚、印度尼西亚等国也参与其中。在许多出口国，木材生产正从原生林转向次生林，环保意识日益普及。在这个项目中，我们有两个目标。一是分析20世纪80年代美国森林产业重组的过程，阐明其对日本林业和森林产业的直接和间接影响。另一个是研究大型森林公司如何在世界上不断变化的环境运动中管理他们的森林，特别是热带地区。新西兰是成功管理协调环境保护主义和面向生产政策的良好例子之一。我们…More取得了以下两个主要成果：1。木材巨头在美国森林部门的影响力越来越大。今天的情况似乎是寡头垄断竞争。世界三大木材巨头，国际纸业、乔治亚太平洋和惠好，都是美国的原创公司。他们每年的总销售额超过100亿美元，并且每年以10%到20%的速度增长。它们主要通过并购实现了如此高的扩张速度，并形成了纵向和横向一体化的强大经济实体。这一运动在欧洲和日本引起了同样的森林工业整合。环境运动在今天具有一定的影响力。特别是在美国，国家森林系统的经营政策发生了很大的变化。他们将管理森林的第一个目标设定为保持健康的生态系统，而不是木材生产。当然，这在林业中是相当新颖的，有趣的是，在世界其他地区，围绕这样一个以生态为导向的森林政策，考虑到公共森林问题，引发了争议。少