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Privatization of Socialist Enterprises in Eastern Europe

东欧社会主义企业的私有化

基本信息

批准号：
06044155
负责人：
ZAIKI Kazuo
金额：
$ 11.52万
依托单位：
Hiroshima University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of this project is to investigate current situation and problems of privatization of state-owned enterprises focusing our attention upon mainly Poland and China. The principal research finding are as follows.1.As far as the statistics on privatized companies' perfomance in Poland since 1990 are concerned, it is difficult to suggest the Polish privatization has been successful.2.It is also difficult to observe the dismantling tendency of a distorted structure coming from the former centrally planned system.3.This failure could be explained by lack of newly established private companies. The main reason is shortage of capital and technology in Poland. In addition to it, political battles led to late implementation of privatization.4.As regards way of a creating market-oriented actor, privatizing a state-owned company is not only one. Another way is to let investators to set up a new company. China adopts this way, introducing direct investments of foreign capitals. This is a driving force of Chinese high economic growth.5.However, the reform of state-owned enterprise in China is undoubtly delayd. They connot close a deficit-making enterprises because they are not free of socialist ideology and afraid of unemployment problem.6.In order to rationalize state-owned enterprises in China, it is necessary to develop more non-planned sector and to expand employment opportunities one hand, to establish social insurance system on the other hand.7.Genellaly speaking, East Europe could learn a lesson from the experience of Chinese way of creating a market-oriented actor through setting up a new private company, and China could get a suggestion from the experience of privatizing state-owned companies in East Europe, especially from the experience of liquidating inefficient companies.

该项目的目的是调查国有企业私有化的现状和问题，主要关注波兰和中国。主要研究结果如下：1.从1990年以来波兰私有化公司业绩统计来看，很难说波兰私有化是成功的。2.也很难观察到原中央计划体制带来的扭曲结构的解体趋势。3.这种失败的原因可能是缺乏新成立的私营公司。主要原因是波兰缺乏资金和技术。除此之外，政治斗争也导致私有化迟迟未能实施。4、关于创建市场化主体的途径，国有企业私有化并不是唯一的途径。另一种方式是让投资者设立新公司。中国就是采用这种方式，引进外资直接投资。这是中国经济高速增长的动力。5.然而，中国的国有企业改革无疑是滞后的。他们不会关闭亏损企业，因为它们不脱离社会主义意识形态，害怕失业问题。6.为了理顺中国的国有企业，一方面需要发展更多的非计划经济，扩大就业机会，另一方面建立社会保险制度。7.总的说来，东欧可以借鉴中国创建市场化主体的经验，通过建立新的私营企业中国可以从东欧国有企业私有化的经验，特别是清算低效企业的经验中得到一些建议。