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SOCIALISM AND MULTI-NATIONAL STATE IN EASTERN EUROPE

东欧的社会主义和多民族国家

基本信息

批准号：
16530328
负责人：
ZAIKI Kazuo
金额：
$ 2.37万
依托单位：
HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This study explored how was depressing Yugoslav politics during 1920s and 1930s. Among others, right before the World War II, the agreement was settled between Serb and Croat politician. However, the agreement still lacked the moral legitimacy of a convincing public ratification, and the regime still appeared as the "private property" of a gang of politicians. These people did not trouble to enact the socioeconomic and political reforms that had been expected by the agreement.Hence, the state of public moral was fragile when the war finally struck Yugoslavia with the Axis invasion of April 6,1941. The Croatian troops widely shirked mobilization, mutinied sporadically, and scarcely fought at all, while the Serbs' performance was flabby in comparison to their tenacity in World War I. Though Yugoslavia's ultimate defeat was inevitable, yet the feeble resistance of her Army was nevertheless a reflection on her people's sentiment toward the regime and its system. A decade of repressive yet irresolute misgovernment, in the name of national unity, had squandered the confidence of all ethnic communities, even of the Serbs, while the agreement had not purchased even the elementary loyalty of the Croats. The opposition constellation and parties had reciprocated the regime's failures with their own inconstancy, opportunism and frivolity.Finally, what was most ironic was that the war struck Yugoslavia in the spring of 1941 despite, or perhaps, because of the desperate diplomatic efforts of Prince Paul's government to keep it away. Aware of Yugoslavia's military weakness and economic vulnerability, which were in some part their own fault, and of the current European balance, or lack of it, Prince Paul and his ministers cautiously eased their way toward the Nazis Germany and finally adhered to the Tripartite Pact on March 25, 1941.

这项研究探讨了20世纪20年代和30年代期间南斯拉夫的政治是如何低迷的。其中，就在第二次世界大战之前，这项协议是塞族和克罗地亚政治家之间达成的。然而，该协议仍然缺乏令人信服的公开批准所需的道德合法性，而且该政权似乎仍然是一群政客的“私有财产”。这些人没有费心实施协议所期望的社会经济和政治改革。因此，当1941年4月6日轴心国入侵南斯拉夫时，战争最终袭击了南斯拉夫，公共道德状况是脆弱的。克罗地亚军队普遍逃避动员，零星兵变，几乎没有战斗，而塞尔维亚人的表现与第一次世界大战的顽强相比是软弱无力的。虽然南斯拉夫的最终失败是不可避免的，但她的军队的微弱抵抗反映了她的人民对政权和制度的感情。十年的镇压但优柔寡断的暴政，以民族团结的名义，挥霍了所有族裔社区的信心，甚至塞尔维亚人也是如此，而该协议甚至没有换取克罗地亚人的基本忠诚。反对党阵营和政党以他们自己的反复无常、机会主义和轻率的态度来回应政权的失败。最后，最具讽刺意味的是，1941年春，南斯拉夫发生了战争，尽管，或者可能是因为保罗王子政府不顾一切地通过外交努力阻止它。意识到南斯拉夫的军事弱点和经济脆弱性，这在一定程度上是他们自己的错，以及目前欧洲的平衡或缺乏平衡，保罗王子和他的部长们谨慎地放松了对纳粹德国的态度，最终在1941年3月25日加入了三方条约。