A Study on the Counseling Function of Shamans-Focusing on the Shamans of Okinawa and Tohoku-

萨满的咨询功能研究——以冲绳和东北地区的萨满为中心——

• 批准号: 06301014
• 负责人: KIRA Yasuyuki
• 金额: $ 2.56万
• 依托单位: KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06301014/
• 关键词: shaman; interview in a religious situation; counseling function; guessing work; rapport; openness to the sphere beyond awareness; identity; informal support network; 「当てる」こと; ユタ; イタコ; ゴミソ; 成巫過程; 宗教的世界観

We questioned 7 Okinawa shamans ("Yuta") and 3 Tohoku shamans ("Kamisama") regarding initiation processes, religious cosmologies, and concepts of gods and spirits, and we observed interviews conducted in a religious situation by them. In addition, we investigated the use of shamans by the inhabitants of Okinawa.1. The characteristics of interviews conducted in a religious situation by shamans :(1) Differences between these interviews and counseling interviews based on clinical psychology.(1) The core performance of the interviews conducted in a religious situation by a shaman is to guess the facts relating to the client by supernatural means.(2) A rapport of a peculiar nature is developed by guessing work, and this facilitates the psychological cooperative interaction between the shaman and his/her client.(3) As a common starting point, the shaman and the client hold the same religious cosmology, which forms the basis of the psychological effectiveness of the interview for the client.(2) Similarities between these interviews and counseling interviews based on clinical psychology.(1) Change and reorganization of the phenomenal field as perceived by the client occurs by allowing the client to perceive new meanings.(2) Openness to the sphere beyond awareness is emphasized and encouraged.2. Identity : For some Okinawan people, one's identity is confirmed by discovering the history of one's ancestors, which can be provided in the Shijitadashi of the shaman "Yuta", and by relating oneself to this history.3. Informal support network : In Okinawa, the shaman "Yuta" sometimes plays an important part within the informal family support network.

我们询问了7个冲绳萨满(“Yuta”)和3个东北萨满(“Kamisama”)关于印心过程、宗教宇宙观和神灵概念的问题，并观察了他们在宗教情境下进行的采访。此外，我们还调查了冲绳居民使用巫术的情况。巫师在宗教场合下进行的访谈的特点：(1)这些访谈与基于临床心理学的咨询访谈的区别。(1)巫师在宗教场合下进行的访谈的核心表现是用超自然的手段猜测与受试者有关的事实。(2)通过猜想工作形成了一种特殊性质的融洽关系，这有助于萨满与受试者之间的心理合作互动。(3)作为共同的出发点，萨满和受试者持有相同的宗教宇宙观，这些访谈与基于临床心理学的咨询访谈有相似之处。(1)顾客所感知的现象领域的改变和重组是通过允许顾客感知新的意义而发生的。(2)强调和鼓励对超越意识的领域的开放。身份：对于一些冲绳人来说，一个人的身份是通过发现一个人的祖先的历史来确认的，这可以在萨满“玉田”的石田里提供，并将自己与这段历史联系起来。非正式家庭支持网络：在冲绳，萨满“Yuta”有时在非正式家庭支持网络中扮演着重要角色。