Research on Life Stress and Social Support

家庭生活中的压力研究，不仅在一定的困难条件下，而且在一般条件下，都必须与社会支持途径的相关性进行讨论：首先，在对一般人群的生活压力研究中，家庭主妇或职业母亲在育儿期的压力水平高的假设没有得到证实。女性的苦恼程度与她们的生活阶段或职业模式无关。另一方面，丈夫与妻子一起享受闲暇时光，并给予大量心理社会支持的妇女的痛苦水平较低。其次，在全国范围内对有精神残疾成员的家庭进行的跟踪调查中，在大约五年的跟踪期间观察到家庭生活事件，如家庭收入减少或家庭成员的疾病/事故/死亡，而在“对未来感到焦虑和不耐烦“的苦恼项目中，回答“非常如此“的更是高达近五成。精神卫生工作者的支持、家庭群体的相互支持等社会资源被有效地引入到精神残疾人的困境中。第三，在对240个精神残疾人家庭进行的10年集中随访调查中，采用访谈法，在第一次访谈时，在社区接受同一家庭成员日常护理的比例下降到50%。家庭功能也被削弱了，尽管家庭给予了持续的照顾。随着家庭照顾者的变化，20%的人搬到了机构。其他80%的人大多接受另一个家庭的照顾，在社会照顾的帮助下独立生活的人只有15%。主要由兄弟姐妹提供的新的家庭照顾非常不稳定。应向精神残疾者的家庭和精神残疾者本身提供更多的社会支助。

Stress studies in family life, which is not only in the certain difficult conditions, but also in the general conditions, has to be discussed with the relevance to the social support approach.Firstly, in the life stress research to the general population, the hypothesis is not proved that the stress level of women was high who are housewives or working mothers during the child care period. And the distress level of the women was not correlated with their life stages or career patterns. On the other hand, the lower distress level was shown among the women whose husbands enjoyed the leisure time with their wives, and gave a lot of psychosocial supports to them.Secondly, in the nationwide follow-up survey for the families with the mentally disabled members, the family life events were observed such as decrease of the household income or disease/accident/death of household members during about five years follow-up period, and the reply of "extremely so"to the distress item of "anxiety and impatience to the future"was as high as nearly 50%. And the social resources such as supports of mental health workers and the mutual supports of family group were induced to the distressful situation, and resulted effectively.Thirdly, in the intensive follow-up survery for ten years using the interview method to the 240 families with mentally disabled members, the rate of those who took the daily care from the same family member in community at the first interview decreased to as low as 50%. And the family functioning was also weakened, although the continuous family care was given. As the change of family caretaker, 20% moved to the institution. Most of the other 80% took another family care, and those who lived independently with the aid of social care were only 15%. The new family care given mainly by siblings was very unstable. More substantial social support should be provided to the families and the mentally disabled themselves.