Designe and Evaluation of the Afforestation of Desort by Water Controll

1994年，研制了大尺度降水分布估计模拟器。利用该模拟器在全球模式提供的边界条件和初始条件下，研究了地表条件对降水的影响。利用模拟土研究了地下水运移，特别是咸水向地面的运移和盐的积累。结果表明，在假定太阳光照射的条件下，可以促进水的传递，抑制表面盐的积累。湿润空气和上升气流是沙漠降雨的必要条件，因此提出了两种途径，即人工造山和热对流形成上升气流。至于潮湿空气的出现，我们认为是人工浅滩促进了蒸发。基于浅水表面热平衡，估算了平衡水温下湿空气的蒸发速率。通过模型试验研究了蒸发速率、土壤湿度和土壤表面蒸发之间的水分平衡关系。1995年，开发了沙漠气候模拟程序，对沙漠植被情景进行了评价。针对西澳大利亚沙漠600km * 600km的沿海地区，根据质量平衡和能量平衡进行计算，计算大气水汽和降雨的修正量。改变了反照率、地表升降和含水率、大气水汽和降雨量。此外，植树造林固定碳的成本计算以及与其他措施的比较是实现沙漠植树造林的必要条件。为此，我们对评价方法进行了探讨。

In 1994, the simulator for the estimation of the large scale rainfall distribution was developed. Using this simulator under the boundary and initial conditions provided by the global model, we investigated the effect of the earth's surface conditions to rainfall.We examined the underground water transfer, especially the salt water transfer to the upper ground and the accumulation of salt using imitate earth. As a result, it was proed that the water transfer was promoted and the salt accumulation at surface might be suppressed under the conditions of IR irradiation assuming sunbeam. The humid air and the ascendeing current was necessary to rainfall on desert, so we showed two ways, the installation of artificial mountain and the formation of the ascending current by the thermal convection. As for the occurrence of the humid air, we supposed the promotion of evaporation by artificial shallows. Based on the thermal balance in shallow water surface, the evaporation rate of humid air for equilibrium water temperature was estimated. The water balance relationship between evaporation rate, soil humidity and evaporation on soil surface were examined from model experiment.In 1995, development of the climate simulation program in desert and evaluation of plant trees scenario in desert was performed. For the coastal region of 600km * 600km in West Australian Desert, the calculation according to mass balance and energy balance was executed, and the modification amount was calculated about vapor in the atmosphere and rainfall. Changing albedo, rise and fall on surface and water containing rate, vapor in the atmosphere and rainfall was increased. Furthermore, the cost calculation of plant trees to fix carbon and comparison with other measures was necessary to the realization of plant trees in desert. Therefore we investigated the way of evaluation.