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Designe and Evaluation of the Afforestation of Desort by Water Controll

治水荒地造林设计与评价

基本信息

批准号：
06303007
负责人：
KOMIYAMA Hiroshi
金额：
$ 6.91万
依托单位：
The Univ.of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06303007/
关键词：
Greening of Desert Simulation of Arid Land weather Artificial Mountain Global Warming Fixation of CO_2 Precipitation Enhancement

项目摘要

In 1994, the simulator for the estimation of the large scale rainfall distribution was developed. Using this simulator under the boundary and initial conditions provided by the global model, we investigated the effect of the earth's surface conditions to rainfall.We examined the underground water transfer, especially the salt water transfer to the upper ground and the accumulation of salt using imitate earth. As a result, it was proed that the water transfer was promoted and the salt accumulation at surface might be suppressed under the conditions of IR irradiation assuming sunbeam. The humid air and the ascendeing current was necessary to rainfall on desert, so we showed two ways, the installation of artificial mountain and the formation of the ascending current by the thermal convection. As for the occurrence of the humid air, we supposed the promotion of evaporation by artificial shallows. Based on the thermal balance in shallow water surface, the evaporation rate of humid air for equilibrium water temperature was estimated. The water balance relationship between evaporation rate, soil humidity and evaporation on soil surface were examined from model experiment.In 1995, development of the climate simulation program in desert and evaluation of plant trees scenario in desert was performed. For the coastal region of 600km * 600km in West Australian Desert, the calculation according to mass balance and energy balance was executed, and the modification amount was calculated about vapor in the atmosphere and rainfall. Changing albedo, rise and fall on surface and water containing rate, vapor in the atmosphere and rainfall was increased. Furthermore, the cost calculation of plant trees to fix carbon and comparison with other measures was necessary to the realization of plant trees in desert. Therefore we investigated the way of evaluation.

1994年，开发了大尺度降雨分布估算模拟器。在全球模式提供的边界条件和初始条件下，利用该模拟器研究了地表条件对降雨的影响，并利用模拟土研究了地下水的运移，特别是咸水向地表的运移和盐分的积累。结果表明，红外辐射（假设太阳光）能促进土壤水分迁移，抑制土壤表面盐分积累。沙漠地区的降雨需要湿空气和上升气流，为此，我们提出了两种途径：设置人工山和利用热对流形成上升气流。至于湿空气的出现，我们推测是人工浅滩促进了蒸发。根据浅水表面的热平衡，估算了平衡水温下湿空气的蒸发速率。通过模型试验研究了蒸发速率、土壤湿度和地表蒸发之间的水量平衡关系，并于1995年开发了沙漠气候模拟程序，对沙漠植树情景进行了评价。对西澳大利亚沙漠600km × 600km的海岸区域，按质量平衡和能量平衡进行计算，计算了大气中水汽和降水的修正量。改变降水量、地面升降量和含水率，大气中水汽含量和降水量增加。此外，还需要对植树固碳的成本进行测算，并与其他固碳措施进行比较，以实现沙漠植树的目标。因此，我们研究了评价方法。