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Comparative hydrological study on the interaction between runoff and the geographical development on volcanic mountains.

火山山径流与地理发育相互作用的比较水文研究.

基本信息

批准号：
06304017
负责人：
KOBASHI Sumiji
金额：
$ 9.02万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Sediment disasters due to volcanic activities are serious problems in countries which lie along the Pacific-rim volcanic zone including not only Japan, but also South-East Asian, South American, and North American countries. Volcanic sediment disasters are unique and different in nature from ordinary sediment disasters which occur in highlands. Huge quantity of eruptive volcanic sediment are suddenly acumulates near the summit of volcano, and runoff frequently breaks up the accumulated eruptive sediment to generate debris flow. These debris flows are very likely to destroy the villages in the alluvial fan bringing about serious damage and personal injuries. The eruptive sediment covering the surface of the summit and slopes of a volcano abruptly reduce the infiltration capability of ground, and as a consequence brings about an increase in surface runoff.The purpose of this study is to clearify the characteristics of sediment movement in volcanic mountain regions. From the results of investigations on Merapi in Indonesia, and Unzen-Fugen and Mt.Bandai of Japan, the characteristics of runoff and the condition of geographical development have become clear. These phenomena are considered as interactions and are analyzed by means of comparative hydrology. The complexity of sediment disasters due to volcanic activities is shown in abrupt change of runoff. Acording as the development of gully erosion, quantity of runoff decreases.

火山活动引起的泥沙灾害是环太平洋火山带沿着国家面临的严重问题，不仅包括日本，还包括东南亚、南美和北美国家。火山沉积物灾害具有独特性，与一般发生在高原地区的沉积物灾害有着本质的区别。大量火山喷发沉积物在火山山顶附近突然堆积，径流往往将堆积的火山喷发沉积物冲散而形成泥石流。这些泥石流很可能摧毁冲积扇中的那些村庄，造成严重的破坏和人员伤亡。火山喷发沉积物覆盖在山顶和山坡上，使地表入渗能力急剧降低，从而引起地表径流量增加，本文旨在弄清火山区沉积物运动的特征。通过对印尼默拉皮、日本云仙高原和万代山的考察，明确了径流特征和地理发育条件。这些现象被认为是相互作用，并通过比较水文学进行分析。火山活动引起的泥沙灾害的复杂性表现在径流量的突变上。随着沟道侵蚀的发展，径流量减少。