Studies of the Structure-Property Relationship for Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Polymers in Dilute and Concentrated Solutions

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This study was performed to construct an imaging plate-small angle X-ray scattering (IP-SAXS) apparatus and to explain dilute and concentrated solution properties of naturally occurring and synthetic polymers with a variety of conformations by analyzing results from IP-SAXS and other measurements such as light scattering, viscosity, and optical rotation. The main results obtained are summarized as follows. 1.SAXS measurements on aurous colloid and polystirene solutions substatiated the usefulness of the IP-SAXS apparatus constructed. 2.The radii of gyration and scattering functions determined by IP-SAXS for polycarbonate and hyaluronate solutions were consistent with light scattering radii and viscosity data, and all were quantitatively explained by current theories based on the wormlike chain. 3.The quasi-two-parameter theory was found to describe excluded-volume effects on the radius of gyration and the intrinsic viscosity for semiflexible polymers, regardless of chain stiffness. 4.T … More he ternary cluster integral for polystirene in trans-decalin near the theta point was found for the first time to be almost independent of temperature. 5.Helix reversals in chiral polyisocyanates were described by the current statistical mechanical theory. 6.It was confirmed by dielectric dispersion that the structure of the ordered phase in aqueous solutions of triple-helical schizophyllan is formed by hydrogen bonding between glucose side chains and water molecules. 7.Light scattering and viscosity behavior of isotropic solutions of poly (hexyl isocyanate) (PHIC) were shown to be described by theories based on the wormlike chain model. 8.Solutions of two cellulose phenylcarbamate derivatives formed liquid crystals, and their phase boundary concentrations were theoretically explained with the wormlike chain parameters determined from dilute solution studies. 9.The interfacial tension between coexisting isotropic and nematic phases of PHIC-toluene solutions and also the alignment of molecular chains were successfully determined by experiment. Less