Studies of the Structure-Property Relationship for Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Polymers in Dilute and Concentrated Solutions

本研究旨在建立成像板-小角X射线散射(IP-SAXS)装置，并通过分析IP-SAXS的结果和其他测量，如光散射、粘度和旋光度，解释各种构象的天然聚合物和合成聚合物的稀溶液和浓溶液性质。所获得的主要结果概括如下。1.对金胶体和聚苯乙烯溶液的SAXS测量进一步证明了所建立的IP-SAXS装置的有效性。2.IP-SAXS测定的聚碳酸酯和透明质酸盐溶液的回转半径和散射函数与光散射半径和粘度数据基本一致，均可用现有的基于蠕虫链的理论进行定量解释。3.发现准双参数理论可以描述排除体积对半柔性聚合物的回转半径和特性粘度的影响，而与链的刚性无关。4.T…此外，首次发现聚苯乙烯在theta点附近的反十氢化合物中的三元团簇积分几乎与温度无关。5.用当前的统计力学理论描述了手性多异氰酸酯的螺旋反转。6.介电分散实验证实，三螺旋裂叶聚糖水溶液中的有序相结构是由葡萄糖侧链与水分子间的氢键作用形成的。7.用蠕虫链模型理论描述了聚异氰酸己酯各向同性溶液的光散射和粘度行为。8.两种纤维素苯氨基甲酸酯衍生物的溶液形成了液晶，并用稀溶液测定的蠕虫链参数从理论上解释了它们的相界浓度。9.通过实验成功地确定了各向同性相与向列相共存时的界面张力以及分子链的排列。较少

This study was performed to construct an imaging plate-small angle X-ray scattering (IP-SAXS) apparatus and to explain dilute and concentrated solution properties of naturally occurring and synthetic polymers with a variety of conformations by analyzing results from IP-SAXS and other measurements such as light scattering, viscosity, and optical rotation. The main results obtained are summarized as follows. 1.SAXS measurements on aurous colloid and polystirene solutions substatiated the usefulness of the IP-SAXS apparatus constructed. 2.The radii of gyration and scattering functions determined by IP-SAXS for polycarbonate and hyaluronate solutions were consistent with light scattering radii and viscosity data, and all were quantitatively explained by current theories based on the wormlike chain. 3.The quasi-two-parameter theory was found to describe excluded-volume effects on the radius of gyration and the intrinsic viscosity for semiflexible polymers, regardless of chain stiffness. 4.T … More he ternary cluster integral for polystirene in trans-decalin near the theta point was found for the first time to be almost independent of temperature. 5.Helix reversals in chiral polyisocyanates were described by the current statistical mechanical theory. 6.It was confirmed by dielectric dispersion that the structure of the ordered phase in aqueous solutions of triple-helical schizophyllan is formed by hydrogen bonding between glucose side chains and water molecules. 7.Light scattering and viscosity behavior of isotropic solutions of poly (hexyl isocyanate) (PHIC) were shown to be described by theories based on the wormlike chain model. 8.Solutions of two cellulose phenylcarbamate derivatives formed liquid crystals, and their phase boundary concentrations were theoretically explained with the wormlike chain parameters determined from dilute solution studies. 9.The interfacial tension between coexisting isotropic and nematic phases of PHIC-toluene solutions and also the alignment of molecular chains were successfully determined by experiment. Less