CHANGES OF VALUE SYSTEMS IN POST-WAR JAPANESE SOCIETY ---FROM COLLECTIVISM TO INDIVIDUALISM,UNIVERSALISM

本研究旨在探讨战后日本社会价值体系的变迁。人们经常指出价值体系从集体导向向自我导向的转变。然而，我认为这种变化并不是简单的线性变化，而是自我取向的两极分化，是个人主义和普遍主义的表现。与集体主义相比，个人主义和普遍主义在个人需求或价值观比传统的社会角色或规范更重要这一点上是相同的。但前者是指自我导向，尤其是对自己或新自己的快乐的自我导向优先于其他事情，另一方面，后者是指考虑他人的需求和价值观，并相互调整，作为一个整体，更好的情况是导向的。在这种情况下，其他人不被限制为一个群体或一个社会的成员。他们包括超越空间和时间边界的人。从这个意义上说，后一种观念可以称为普遍主义。为了验证这个关于价值变化的想法，我策划了一个社会调查，并在1996年、1997年进行了调查。结果表明个人主义的存在，但我们不能肯定普遍主义的存在。但我们可以通过最近的志愿活动和网络看到普遍主义的迹象。从社会调查的结果来看，普遍主义的出现还需要一段时间。

The purpose of this study was to research on changes of value systems in post-war Japanese society. It has often been pointed out the change of value system from collectivity-orientation to self-orientation. However, I thought that the change was not such a simple and linear one but a polarization of self-orientation that is an appearance of individualism and universalism. Compared with collectivism, both individualism and universalism are same in the point that personal needs or values are more important than traditional social roles or norms. But the former is the idea that self-orientation, especially self-orientation to his or hew own pleasure takes precedence of other things, on the other hand, the latter is the idea that thinking of others' needs and vales, and adjusting mutually, as a whole, better situation is oriented. In this case, others are not restricted as members of one group or one society. They include people beyond borders of space and time. In this sense, the latter idea can be called universalism.To verify this thought on value change, I planed a social survey and conducted it in 1996,1997. The results show the existence of individualism but we cannot confirm the existence of universalism. But we can see a sign of universalism through recent voluntary activities and networking. It will take more time till universalism appear as a result of social survey.