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Global environmental change and ecophysiology of rice : fundamentals of sustainable food production.

全球环境变化和水稻生态生理学：可持续粮食生产的基础。

基本信息

批准号：
06454047
负责人：
IMAI Katsu
金额：
$ 4.35万
依托单位：
Meiji University (1996)University of Tsukuba (1994-1995)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This work was focused to develop the fundamentals of crop production techniques predicted for the future climatic change (high CO_2, hothouse earth). Used materials was a japonica paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.cv.Nipponnbare) because this crop species sustains sbout half of world pupulation as a food. The important characteristics in the production processes (photosynthesis, respiration, assimilate translocation, tillering, leaf area, yield components, mineral nutrition, etc.) were examined under simulated growth environment (ambient and high levels of CO_2 [350vs.700ppm] and temperature with and without sufficient nutrient supply). Following results were obtained ;(1) By the review process of preceding studies on high CO_2 and plant production, the investigator found many problems unsolved and/or unexamined. (2) Chloroplast structure of the leave was deformed by elevated CO_2 due to surpluss production of starch granule. This sometimes coupled with partial down-regulation of photosynthesis. (3) Leaf photosynthesis was affected greatly by light and vapor saturation deficit and preferred strong light and moderately higher moisture and temperature under high CO_2 conditions. (4) Successive measurements of photosynthesis and respiration during the growth revealed that the enhancement of dry matter production by high CO_2 was attributed to the promotion of photosynthesis coupled with active respiration, at least in vegetative stages. (5) Biomass production was substantially influenced by both nitrogen and phosphorus and their use efficiency in production process increased under high CO_2. (6) High CO_2 promoted paddy yield trough the increments of both the number of panicles per plant and the number of grains per panicle. However, grain quality tended to decline.Based on the above results and preceding reports, the investigator discussed future climate change and rice production.

这项工作的重点是发展预测未来气候变化（高CO_2，温室地球）的作物生产技术的基础。所用材料是日本水稻（Oryza sativa L.cv.Nipponnbare），因为这种作物物种作为食物维持了世界人口的一半。对水稻生产过程中的重要性状（光合作用、呼吸作用、同化物运转、分蘖、叶面积、产量构成因素、矿质营养等）进行了分析。在模拟的生长环境下（环境和高浓度CO_2 [350vs.700ppm]和温度，以及有和没有足够的营养供应）进行了研究。研究结果表明：（1）通过对以往高CO_2与植物生产研究的回顾，发现许多问题尚未解决或研究。(2)CO_2浓度升高使叶片叶绿体结构发生畸变，淀粉粒产生过剩。这有时伴随着光合作用的部分下调。(3)在高CO_2条件下，叶片光合作用受光饱和亏和水汽饱和亏的影响较大，叶片喜强光和适度高的水分和温度。(4)对生长过程中光合作用和呼吸作用的连续测定表明，至少在营养生长阶段，高CO_2对干物质生产的促进作用是由于光合作用和呼吸作用的协同作用。(5)高CO_2浓度下氮、磷对生物量的影响显著，氮、磷在生物量生产过程中的利用率提高。(6)高CO_2通过增加单株穗数和穗粒数促进水稻产量的提高。根据上述结果和前人的研究报告，研究者对未来气候变化和水稻生产进行了讨论。