Approach to the planting and processing mechanization for Baker's garlic in sandy field

贝克的大蒜球茎目前是一个接一个人工种植的。以这种方式每10公顷种植约4万至4.5万株球茎。大约需要21-24小时。每人10块。种植者很难找到兼职工人来种植，因为从7月底到9月初的夏季，他们需要在炎热的沙地上四肢着地工作。本研究的目的之一是开发一种贝克大蒜种植机，以解决劳动力短缺问题，减少繁琐的手工劳动。应种植户的要求，新设计制造了六排牵引式2型半自动种植机，需要3名和2名操作人员来种植球茎。试验机器安装在旋转耕作的后面。坐在旋转耕作上部的操作员将球茎放入种杯中，在种植操作之前不像传统方法那样对球茎进行加工。然后打开由地轮驱动的种杯的百叶窗，使球茎通过凸轮轴垂直地落在柔软的种床上。试验播种机可同时进行翻耕、犁耕和覆土。试验结果表明，与传统人工种植方法相比，大田容量增加了一倍以上，种植间距和种植深度更加稳定。半自动种植机为解决人工种植的问题提供了一种可行的临时解决方案，直到将来开发出全自动种植机。为实现大蒜采收后的机械化加工，设计并制造了洗蒜和未洗蒜加工装置。这些机器与传统的菜刀相比，具有安全、省去了根茎的切割工作、减少了精神压力等优点。采用水洗处理装置的效率和精度低于常规方法。该不洗处理装置比使用菜刀具有更高的性能。但是，还需要进一步提高正时皮带的耐用性。少

Baker's garlic bulbs are currently planted manually one by one. About 40,000-45,000 bulbs per 10 ares are planted in this way. It takes about 21-24 hr.per 10 ares per person. Growers can't easily obtain part time workers for planting, because of the hard work entailed in working on all fours in the hot sandy fields in summer from the end of July to early September.One of the objective of this study is to develop a Baker's garlic planter to solve the labor shortage problem and reduce tedious manual work. Tractor attachment type two semi-automaic planters for six rows, which requires three and two operators to feed bulbs, were newly designed and constructed owing to the request of growers. The trial machines were attached behind the rotary tillage. Operators sitting on the upper the rotary tillage feed the bulbs into the seed cups without processing bulbs before planting operation as with the conventional method. The shutters of the seed cups driven by the ground wheel are then opened to … More drop the bulbs vertically on the soft seed bed by the cam shaft.The trial planter can carry out tillage, furrowing planting and soil covering at the same time.The results of the test run obtained more than twice in field capacity and more constant planting intervals and depths as compared with the conventional manual planting method. The semiautomatic planter offers a feasible temporary solution to the problem of manual planting until a fully-automatic one is developed in the future.For the purpose of processing mechanization pf Baker's garlic after harvest, washed and unwashed Baker's garlic processing devices were designed and built. These machines showed the advantage of the safety, the elimination of cutting work of roots and stalks, and decrease of mental stress comparing with the conventional method using kitchen knife. The efficiency and accuracy using washed processing device are lower than the the conventional method.The unwashed processing device has higher performance than using kitchen knife. However, it is further necessary to improve the durability of the timing belts. Less