Development of an Observation System of Flood Flows by a Flowing Measurement Capsule

在简要回顾洪水流量空间连续观测的基础上，指出了采用随洪水流量向下游输送、在某一河段测量后收集的测量舱进行洪水现象观测的优点，讨论了现有测量舱的改进问题，阐明了测量舱的操纵、定位和控制，以及测量数据的收集和传输。采用无线电控制装置代替胶囊的驱动装置，提高了胶囊的转向性能，便于测量后的采集;采用简化的差分GPS（Global Positioning System，全球定位系统），确定了胶囊的位置，并在某河段进行了试验。该系统被证明产生了相当高的精度。对于数据收集，尝试了指定的低功耗无线系统，以编织无线电报法的限制。该系统可用于控制胶囊和胶囊中的测量仪器。现有的移动遥测系统被证明对这样一个简单的胶囊观测系统是相当不便的。报道了在卡科河的支流曼甘吉河进行实地观测的准备工作，但遗憾的是，在此期间没有进行观测。

After a brief review on spatially continuous observation of flood flows, advantages of an observation system of flood phenomena using a measurement capsule which is conveyed downstream with flood flow and collected after the measurement of a certain reach of a river.Improvement of an existing measurement capsule has been discussed and problems were clarified to be steering and handling of the capsule, positioning and controlling of the capsule, and collection and transfer of measured data. A driving unit of the capsule is replaced by a radio control device to promote its steering property for collection after measurement.In order to determine the capsule position, a simplified differential GPS (Global Positioning System) was introduced and tested in a river reach. This system proved to produce a fairly high accuracy.For the data collection, a wireless system of specified low power was tried to weave limitations of the Wireless Telegraphy Act. This system was concluded to be useful for controlling the capsule and measurement instruments in it. An existing moving telemetry system proved to be rather inconvenient to such a simple observation system with the capsule.A preparation for field observation in the Manganji River, a tributary of the Kako River was reported but observation have, unfortunately, not been carried out their in the term.