Clarification of Vortex Formations and Velocity Fluctuations in Rivers by Detailed Measurement and Their Applications

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At a river bend known as a danger spot of water accidents where small to large sized vortices appear complicatedly, moving observations and fixed point observations were carried out in parallel with an acoustic Doppler type of 3D velocity meter and those of current profilers. Additional experiments also were conducted. As the results, very sharp changes in riverbed topography are shown minutely and flows are clarified as plunge into deep part, well up along wall-like riverbed hump and plunge into again. Spatial-temporal scales and frequency properties of velocity fluctuations and changes in current directions are evaluated.